CHARADRIIDAE (23 species)

Phillips (1980) studied courtship and related behaviors in endemic NZ plovers and concluded that Anarhynchus be merged with Charadrius. Phillips (1980) also proposed that C. bicinctus Double-banded Plover, C. (=Anarhynchus) frontalis Wrybill, and C. obscurus Red-breasted Dotterel are closest relatives of each other and are derived from the C. alexandrinus Kentish Plover group of northern hemisphere mountain- or plains-breeding plovers. Phillips (1980) postulated that ancestral wintering birds bred in NZ during the austral summer and founded the now-endemic NZ species studied.

Pluvialis fulva Pacific Golden-Plover
Measurements suggest birds reaching Australia and S. Pacific may be from both Siberia and Alaska; Siberian birds are smaller (HANZAB).
Vis Aug-Apr throughout c and w Pacific; vis winter with a few summer Ogasawara Is and Palau, Feb-May and Jul-Oct Mariana Is, Sep-Nov Solomon Is (Bougainville), most Sep-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), most Aug-May Norfolk I, most Oct-Nov and Mar-Jul Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Sep-May Cook Is. Cas e and s to Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is, Auckland Is. Acc Feb Macquarie I (Schultz fide M. Carter).
F: Niue (common, Powlesland et al 2000).
P. dominicus American Golden-Plover
Cas Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Acc NZ (Jan NI, Nov SI), Galapagos Is.
P. squatarola Grey (Black-bellied) Plover
P. s. subsp? Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is, Mariana Is (Guam, Rota,Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is (Yap-Clements 2003, Truk), Marshall Is (Eniwetok, Kwajalein, Amerson 1969), NZ (max 10 per year, NI, SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is. Cas s to Ogasawara Is (winter Chichijima), Sep-Mar Solomon Is (Dutson 2001, Hadden 2004a; incl Green Is and Nuguria, Tarburton 2006), New Caledonia, Fiji (Oct Viti Levu: Suva), Cook Is (Manuae Aug, Holyoak 1980), Nov and Jan Lord Howe I (2 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Nov-Dec Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Chatham Is, Feb Macquarie I.
F: Galapagos Is (Fernandina: one basic plumage Punta Espinosa Jun-Jul, Chartier).
Charadrius hiaticula Common Ringed Plover
C. h. tundrae Vis Palau. Cas Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Hawaiian Is (Midway I), Kiribati (Jun, Child 1982). Acc Tuvalu, Fiji, NZ (NI); recs from these locations may be either C. hiaticula or C. semipalmatus). Hypo Marshall Is (sight rec Jaluit likely this species; Pyle and Engbring 1985).
C. semipalmatus Semipalmated Plover
Vis Aug-May Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is, Aug-Oct and Apr-May, few Nov-Mar, Hawaiian Is. Acc Johnson I, Samoa (Dec Upolu, Watling 2001). Hypo Marshall Is (see hiaticula, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
F: Galapagos Is (Santiago: 13 Puerto Egas; Fernandina: Punta Espinoa, alt plge Jun-Jul, Chartier).
C. dubius Little Ringed Plover
C. d. curonicus Vis Palau, Caroline Is (Feb Yap- Wiles et al 2000). Cas s Izu Is (Torishima), Ogasawara Is (Nishinoshima), Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima), Mariana Is (Guam, Wiles et al 2000), Marshall Is (Pyle and Engbring 1985). Acc Solomon Is.
F: Palau (3 at north end Peleliu airport Apr, Klauber).
C. wilsonia Wilson's Plover
C. w. beldingi? Cas Apr, Sep, Jan Cocos I (said to be "always present in limited numbers" Dean and Montoya 2005). Acc Galapagos Is (May Santa Maria).
C. vociferus Killdeer
C. v. vociferus Cas Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is, Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is (Isabela).
C. placidus Long-billed Plover
C. p. japonicus Acc Ogasawara Is (Hahajima).
C. alexandrinus Kentish Plover
C. a. nihonensis (sometimes included within dealbatus) Vis Palau. Cas Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991, Saipan- prob this subsp rather than C. a. alexandrinus, which is rare in Japan, Brazil 1991), Caroline Is (Feb Yap- Wiles et al 2000). Acc Ogasawara Is (Nishinoshima).
C. ruficapillus Red-capped Plover
Cas NZ (NI, SI).
C. bicinctus Double-banded Plover
C. b. bicinctus Res total pop 6850 inds (NI, SI), Chatham Is (200-300 inds, non-migratory, Aikman and Miskelly 2004). Vis Mar-Aug New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Jan-Nov Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, Apr-Aug Fiji (Watling 2001). Cas Mar Vanuatu (McAllen 2003), Campbell I. Acc Kermadec Is (Sep Raoul, Veitch et al 2004).
F: Norfolk I (Kingston Marshes Mar, Duranti; 15 Slaughter Bay May, R. Clarke).
C. b. exilis Res Auckland Is 730 inds.
Elevated to specific status by Holdaway et al (2001) based on weight and leg length.
C. (=Anarhynchus) frontalis Wrybill
Res 5000 ins NZ (Breeds SI; vis NI mostly Dec-Aug). Acc Chatham Is (Jun Chatham, Miskelly et al 2006).
C. obscurus Red-breasted (New Zealand) Plover
C. o. aquilonius Res total 1350 inds NZ (NI, SI).
C. o. obscurus Res NZ (Stewart I c250 inds in 2005, Cooper; wintering count 74 in Jul Awarua Bay/Cow I, Cooper).
C. mongolus Lesser Sand-Plover (Mongolian Plover)
Recent studies (Hirschfeld et al 2000) suggest that two species are involved: C. mongolus Mongolian Plover, including C. m. mongolus and C. m. stegmanni, and C. atrifrons Lesser Sand-Plover, including C. a. atrifrons, C. a. schaeferi, and C. a. pamirensis.
C. m. stegmanni Vis Mariana Is (Guam, Rota, Saipan, hypo Tinian, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is, Marshall Is. Cas s Izu Is, Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima, Iwojima).
C. m. mongolus ?Cas Micronesia (Baker 1951), Solomon Is (Mayr and Diamond 2001), Fiji (Watling 2001, duPont 1976).
C. m. atrifrons/schaeferi Acc NZ (Apr NI, Parrish 2000).
C. m. subsp? Cas Hawaiian Is, Solomon Is Sep-Apr (Hadden 2004a) incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Santa Cruz Is; Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Oct-Apr Lord Howe I (14 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NZ (most 7 per year, NI, SI; most prob mongolus/stegmanni, as in Australia, but see above re atrifrons/schaeferi).
F: Fiji (Viti Levu: Mar, Myers). Solomon Is (Bougainville: 3 Aug, Gregory).
C. leschenaultii Greater Sand-Plover
C. l. leschenaultii Vis Mariana Is (Guam, Rota, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is (Wiles et al 2000), Sep-Apr Solomon Is (Hadden 2004a), incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006). Cas Sep-Apr Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Sep, Nov, Feb Lord Howe I (3 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NZ (most 11 per year, NI, SI).
C. veredus Oriental Plover
Cas Palau, Aug-Mar NZ (NI, SI), Solomon Is (Oct Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Dec New Georgia, Gregory; Rennell). Acc Nov Chathams Is (Chatham, Miskelly et al 2006), Sep and Nov Lord Howe I (2 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Apr, Sep Raoul I, Veitch et al 2004), Fiji (May Viti Levu).
Thinornis novaeseelandiae Shore Plover
Included in Charadrius by Holdaway et al (2001).
Res Chatham Is (Rangatira/South East I 130 inds, 45 prs, extirp Western Reef, Aikman and Miskelly 2004). Extirp NZ (NI,SI; reint NI: Motuora I (failed; last 2 males removed from nearby Beehive Island Aug 2005), Portland I; acc elsewhere NI, presumably from recently reint populations, Saville).
Erythrogonys cinctus Red-kneed Dotterel
Acc Palau (Engbring 1988), NZ (Mar NI).
Eudromias morinellus Eurasian Dotterel
Acc Hawaiian Is (Kure I).
Elseyornis melanops Black-fronted Dotterel
Res NZ (NI 1350 inds, SI 280 inds).
Vanellus tricolor Banded Lapwing
Acc Jul-Aug Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
V. miles Masked Lapwing
V. m. novaehollandiae Res New Caledonia (since 1996, breeding, Barre 2002, Barre and Bachy 2003), NZ (NI, SI), Chatham Is (Chatham, Pitt). Cas Kermadec Is (Raoul, Veitch et al 2004), Cook Is (Oct, McCormack 2006), Macquarie I (R. Clarke). Acc Feb and Nov Norfolk I, Vanuatu Mar (Wilson), Fiji (5-6 recs Viti Levu, Kadavu; Dutson and Watling 2007; Watling 2001), May Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001), Jun Campbell I, Nov Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002).
V. m. miles Res Lord Howe I (HANZAB; this form Bielewicz; McAllan et al 2004). Acc Solomon Is (New Georgia Is) Cook Is (Oct 2002 Rarotonga, McCormack 2006).



ROSTRATULIDAE (1 species)

Rostratula australis Greater Painted-Snipe
Christidis and Boles (2008) presented evidence for separation of Australian birds from African and Southeast Asian benghalensis.
Acc Feb Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), NZ (Aug SI).


SCOLOPACIDAE (71 species)

Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock
Res s Izu Is (Torishima). Acc Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima).
Coenocorypha pusilla Chatham Island Snipe
Res Chatham Is about 1000 prs (Aikman and Miskelly 2004): Rangatira/South East I 700-800 prs; Star Keys: Round I 50 prs; extirp Mangere I but re-int 1970, 50 prs; Little Mangere I 200-250 prs; cas vis Pitt I. Sightings Feb 2006 of 1-2 birds Rabbit I (off nw coast Pitt I, Miskelly et al 2006). Recent lower est 1300 ads (Shirihai 2002).
C. aucklandica Subantarctic Snipe
The arrangement used here follows recommendation of HANZAB; differences in plumages and measurements are greater than in some sympatric species of Gallinago (HANZAB). All forms were listed as full species by Holdaway et al (2001); Worthy et al (2002) noted diagnosable differences between aucklandica, meinertzhagenae, and the as yet unnamed Campbell Island Snipe, but retained them as a subspecies group pending further studies.
Res Auckland Is 20,000+ inds.
C. nov. sp. Campbell Island Snipe
According to Barker et al (2005), these birds appear to be most closely related to the Auckland Island and Antipodes Island Snipes, but sufficiently distinct that they are likely to prove to be at least an endemic subspecies.
Res Campbell Is (Jacquemart I: <50 inds, discovered 1997, Barker et al 2005; Judd 1998; apparently recolonizing main Campbell I after 2001 rat eradication- Barker et al 2005; Forest and Bird Aug 2005).
C. meinertzhagenae Antipodes Island Snipe
Res Antipodes Is 8000 inds.
C. heugeli Snares Island Snipe
Res Snares Is 1100 inds, 325-480 prs (Miskelly et al 2001). Int SI: island off Stewart I (Putauhinu), 30 inds (Charteris and Miskelly 2005).
C. iredalei South Island Snipe
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (SI and islands off Stewart I, Worthy et al 2002).
C. barrierensis North Island Snipe
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (NI, Little Barrier I, Motukorea I in Hauraki Gulf, Worthy et al 2002).
Gallinago hardwickii Latham's (Japanese) Snipe
Cas Solomon Is (Bougainville: mostly Oct-Apr, Hadden 2004a), NZ (NI, SI), Sep-Mar Norfolk I, Nov-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Macquarie I. Acc Marshall Is (Kwajalein, ?HANZAB, Pyle and Engbring 1985), Nov Snares Is. Hypo Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991).
F: Lord Howe I (3 at airstrip pond Mar, Gregory).
G. stenura Pintail Snipe
Cas (this sp? Pratt et al 1987) Oct-Apr w Micronesia; Reichel and Glass 1991 consider hypo for Mariana Is (Rota, Tinian). Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Hawaiian Is (Jan Kure I).
G. megala Swinhoe's Snipe
Vis Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Cas Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Bougainville (Dutson 2001). Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
F: Palau (common migrant, Engbring 1988). Mariana Is (Rota: 1 in fields Dec, Talbot).
G. gallinago Common Snipe
Considered specifically separate from G. delicata on plumage and vocal grounds (AOU 2002).
G. g. gallinago Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991, Saipan, Rota, Wiles et al 2000). Acc (this sp?) Hawaiian Is (Dec Kauai, Pyle 2002). Hypo Wake I (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
G. delicata Wilson's Snipe
See comments under G. gallinago.
Cas Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is (AOU 1998, Pyle 2002), Guadalupe I. Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
G. solitaria Solitary Snipe
G. s. japonica Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
Limnodromus griseus Short-billed Dowitcher
L. g. caurinus? Cas Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Sep-Oct Oahu), Aug-May Galapagos Is. Acc Guadalupe I.
L. scolopaceus Long-billed Dowitcher
Vis Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is. Cas Mariana Is (Nov-Dec Guam, Wiles et al 2000; this sp? Dec-Jan Saipan, Wiles et al 2000). Acc Nov Revillagigedo Is (Jehl and Parkes 1982), Clipperton I, Samoa (Upolu, Watling 2001).
F: Hawaiian Is (Midway I: Sand I, max 3 daily Apr, Vandenberg).
L. semipalmatus Asian Dowitcher
Acc NZ (Feb-May NI, Aug-Sep SI).
Limosa limosa Black-tailed Godwit
L. l. melanuroides Vis mostly Oct-Apr Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Kosrae), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Oct-Nov Lord Howe I (5 recs, McAllan et al 2004), NZ (most 21 per year, NI, SI). Cas Marshall Is, Dec-Jan Auckland Is. Acc Kiribati (Jul, Child 1982), Chatham Is (Dec Chatham, Miskelly et al 2006), Hawaiian Is (Maui: Oct-Apr; Oahu, N Am Birds 56:121; Pyle 2002).
L. haemastica Hudsonian Godwit
Cas NZ (most 9 per year Oct-Apr NI, SI; first rec Chathams Nov-Dec 2004, Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Hawaiian Is (Jul Oahu), Marshall Is (Kwajalein), Apr and May Fiji, Nov Norfolk I, ?Campbell I, Galapagos Is. Evidence that these birds reach NZ accompanying Bar-tailed Godwits on nonstop Pacific crossing in Gill et al (2005).
F: Galapagos Is (Isabela: one Puerto Villamil Jun-Jul, Chartier).
L. lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit
Some authors recognize a central Russian subspecies menzbieri (Hayman et al 1986, Dickinson 2003); most migrate to Australia but there is some evidence that a few such birds reach NZ (post by Melville to BIRDING-NZ Aug 24, 2004). Direct flight to NZ and eastern Australia of about 150,000 birds from sw Alaska indicated by several lines of evidence. Birds occurring in Micronesia and east to New Caledonia probably are Asian menzbieri rather than baueri (Gill et al 2005).
L. l. baueri Vis mostly Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Marshall Is (Amerson 1969), Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Amerson 1969), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Lifou, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Samoa (Tarburton 2002), Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is, NZ av 80,000 per year (NI, SI), Chatham Is. Cas Ogasawara Is, Hawaiian Is, Dec Niue, Oct Tonga (Wnorowski), Cook Is (McCormack 2006), Nov-Dec Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001), Oct-Jan Campbell I, Auckland Is, Oct-Jan Macquarie I.
L. fedoa Marbled Godwit
Cas Aug-Mar Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Laysan I, Hawaii Oct).
Numenius minutus Little Curlew
Vis Aug-Apr Palau. Cas Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Hadden 2004a), Nov-Mar Lord Howe I (7 recs, McAllan et alo 2004), NZ (NI, SI).
F: Palau (pair north end Peleliu airport Apr, Klauber).
N. phaeopus Whimbrel
N. p. variegatus Vis mostly Jul-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Buden 2006), Palau, Caroline Is, Marshall Is, Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Amerson 1969), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Sep-Nov, Mar, Veitch et al 2004), NZ 100-200 per year both subspecies (NI, SI). Cas Nov-Dec Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Cook Is (spec Oct 1987, McCormack 2006)
F: Solomon Is (Ghizo: Jun Gizo, Richards; Santa Isabel; Malaita: Jun, Hornbuckle; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot); New Caledonia (Nov Noumea, Quested; Ouano Beach Oct, T. Clarke); Norfolk I (2 Kingston Marshes, Duranti; flock 12 in Jun, Ewin). Palau (Peleliu: up to 30 on mud low tide north end, Talbot). Caroline Is: (Truk: Tol South, low nos, Feb, S. Smith). Mariana Is (Rota: low nos, S. Smith).
N. p. hudsonicus Vis Sep-Apr Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is, NZ (NI, SI). Cas Dec Norfolk I, Nov Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Aug-Oct and Apr-May Hawaiian Is (Pyle 2000), Fiji, Samoa.
F: Galapagos Is (18 several locations Jun-Jul, Chartier).
N. tahitiensis Bristle-thighed Curlew
Vis Sep-May throughout w Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Sep), Caroline Is (Truk, Pohnpei, Yap- Clements 2003), Wake I, Marshall Is, Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Phoenix Is, Line Is), Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Tubuai Is, Gambier Is, Pitcairn Is, and s to Fiji, Tonga (Wrnowski), Samoa (Tarburton 2001), Niue, and Cook Is (Holyoak 1980). Cas to Ogasawara Is Sep, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Solomon Is (Malaita, Three Sisters Oct, Santa Cruz Is: Tikopia, Pileni Sep, Duff Is Sep, Dutson 2001), Vanuatu, ?Norfolk I, Aug-Sep Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004). Previous rec for New Caledonia in error (Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: Caroline Is (Pohnpei- flyby Apr with cinnamon rump visible, Klauber); Hawaiian Is (Midway Is: small flocks Sand I Apr, Vandenberg; Apr (Nikas) and Aug-Sep, occ through winter; Oahu: at Kahuku area, pasture between Campbell NWR and ocean, scope area from small cem at n end of golf course in village of Kahuku, Pratt 1993).
N. arquata Eurasian Curlew
N. a. orientalis? Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Guam, Wiles et al 2000). Acc Niue (Pratt et al 1987).
N. madagascariensis Far Eastern Curlew
Vis Oct-Apr Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is (incl Sep-Dec Bougainville, Hadden 2004a, Green Is and Nuguria, Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Sep-Apr Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NZ 20-50 per year (NI, SI). Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991, Aug and Oct Guam, Wiles et al 2000, Pyle and Engbring 1985), Jun and Sep Hawaiian Is (French Frigate Shoals, Laysan I, Scott et al 2001), Mar-May and Oct-Dec Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Ogasawara Is (Hahajima), Oct Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Niue (Sep, Powlesland et al 2000).
Bartramia longicauda Upland Sandpiper
Acc NZ (Feb NI), Cocos I (one bird Nov 1983-Sep 1984, another Apr 2005, Dean and Montoya 2005).
Xenus cinereus Terek Sandpiper
Studies by Pereira and Baker (2005) showed that this taxon and the next represent genera basal to the genus Tringa. Pereira and Baker (2005) showed also that Heteroscelus and Catoptrophorus are included within Tringa.
Vis Aug-May Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Pagan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), NZ most 14 per year (NI, SI). Cas Mar-Nov and Nov (2 birds) New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Sep-Feb Lord Howe I (5 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Nov-Dec Norfolk I. Acc Fiji (Viti Levu), Oct Tonga (Wnorowski).
Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper
Vis Aug-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, hypo Pohnpei, hypo Kosrae, Pyle and Engbring 1985, Wiles 2005), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Oct-Nov and Jan-Mar, Barre and Bachy 2003), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Nov-Feb Lord Howe I (9 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Feb-Mar Norfolk I, Kiribati, Jan Fiji, Feb and Apr Samoa. Acc Cook Is (Nov Rarotonga, McCormack 2006), Hawaiian Is (Hawaii).
F: Solomon Is (Ghizo: 1 Olasana I Jun, Richards; Florida Is: Mana I Jan, Talbot). Palau (Dec, de Vries; common, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (Yap: seen daily low nos, Feb, S. Smith). Norfolk I (Kingston Marshes Mar, Duranti).
A. macularius Spotted Sandpiper
Vis Oct-May Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Hawaii, Oahu), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I. Acc Marshall Is (spec Taka; Pyle and Engbring 1985), Johnston I.
Tringa ochropus Green Sandpiper
Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991). Hypo Palau (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
T. solitaria Solitary Sandpiper
T. s cinnamomea? Cas Dec-Feb Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Hawaii), Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
T. brevipes Grey-tailed (Siberian) Tattler
Vis Sep-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Wiles 2005), Marshall Is (Spennemann and Benjamin 2004), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Norfolk I, Aug-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), NZ (NI, SI), Chatham Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Kure I, Oahu), Kiribati (Gilbert Is: Tarawa, Amerson 1969), Fiji (but see Dutson and Watling 2007), Tuvalu, Kermadec Is (Sep-Dec, Veitch et al 2004), ?Snares Is, ?Auckland Is. Acc Cook Is (Aitutaki).
F: Samoa (Savaii: only 2, by calls, Aug, Reed 1980). Cook Is (Aitutaki: only 3 of 99 studied were this sp Aug-Sep, Child 1981). Fiji (Viti Levu: 5, with 30+ incana) Sep, T. Clarke; Solomon Is (Florida Is: Mana I Jan, Talbot).
T. incana Wandering Tattler
Vis mostly Sep-Mar (usually later than brevipes in Micronesia, Baker 1951) Mariana Is (Wiles 2005), Palau, Caroline Is, Wake I, Marshall Is, Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Amerson 1969), Hawaiian Is, Society Is, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Pitcairn Is (Bourne and David 1983), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is, Chesterfields, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Tonga, Samoa, Niue, Cook Is, Jan-May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Mar-Jun, Aug-Nov, Veitch et al 2004), NZ (NI, SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is. Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Solomon Is incl Oct and Jan Bougainville, Hadden 2004a, Green Is and Nuguria, Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, Oct-Mar and Jun (Ewin) Norfolk I, Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Auckland Is. Two birds out of 13 banded in Alaska wintered on Hawaii (Big Island) for several years (R. David).
F: New Caledonia (12 in alt plge yate-Goro road Aug, Fairbank). Hawaiian Is (Midway I: best count 5, Apr, Vandenberg). Samoa (Savaii: up to 50 at a time Aug, Reed 1980). Fiji (Viti Levu: 30+ Sep, T. Clarke). Galapagos Is(6 on Rabida, Santiago, Isabela, Espanola Jun-Jul, Chartier).
T. erythropus Spotted Redshank
Acc Caroline Is (Truk). Hypo Mariana Is (Oct Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991).
T. melanoleuca Greater Yellowlegs
Cas Hawaiian Is, Galapagos Is. Acc Mariana Is (Rota, Reichel and Glass 1991), Marshall Is (Jaluit, ?Ebon, Spenneman and Benjamin 2004), Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Hypo Wake I (Pyle and Engbring 1985), Cook Is (this sp or the next, Holyoak 1980).
T. nebularia Common Greenshank
Vis Aug-May Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Pagan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Jul and Oct New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Oct-Mar and Jul Lord Howe I (13 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Dec and May Norfolk I, Jan Chatham Is, Nov-Dec Snares Is, Campbell I, Macquarie I.
F: Norfolk I (2 Kingston Marshes Mar, Duranti).
T. guttifer Nordmann's Greenshank
Hypo Oct Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991).
T. semipalmata Willet
T. s. inornata Vis mostly Sep-Apr Guadalupe I, Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Oahu, Maui, Nov Hawaii), Cocos I (Sep-Jun, Dean and Montoya 2005). Acc Johnston I, Revillagigedo Is (Clarion, Brattstrom and Howell 1956).
T. flavipes Lesser Yellowlegs
Vis Aug-May Hawaiian Is, Johnson I, Galapagos Is. Cas NZ (Oct-Apr NI, Oct-Apr SI), Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Acc Nov Chatham Is (Chatham I), Nov Fiji (Taveuni, Silcock).
T. stagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper
Vis Sep-May Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is (Hadden 2004a), NZ (NI, SI). Cas Oct-Dec Norfolk I, Dec-Apr Lord Howe I (4 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Chatham Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Oct Midway I, Pyle 2002), New Caledonia (Feb, Barre and Dutson 2000).
T. glareola Wood Sandpiper
Vis Sep-Apr Mariana Is, Palau, w Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (Midway I, Kure I), Solomon Is (Oct and Apr Bougainville, Hadden 2004a). Acc Samoa (Mar Upolu, Tarburton 2001).
F: Palau (Koror: Dec, de Vries; common migrant throughout, Engbring 1988). Caroline Is (Yap: 4 small pool west side, Dec, Talbot).
T. totanus Common Redshank
T. t. subsp? Vis Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Yap).
Aechmorhynchus cancellatus Kiritimati Sandpiper
This taxon, known from only a single specimen, is considered distinct from the next at the specific level (Dickinson 2003, Walters 1993, Zusi and Jehl 1970). This taxon and the next were considered distinct at the generic level from the following two taxa, for which Prosobonia has precedence.
Extinct. Formerly res Kiritimati I (DuPont 1976).
A. parvirostris Tuamotu Sandpiper
Res Tuamotu Arch (Morane and Anuana Runga Atolls 150-200 inds; Tahanea islets 12-15 inds: Toreatai, Noiokao; Tenararo, Raevski Group, Fakarava, Maturei-Vavao, Pinaki, Marutea du Sud).
F: Tuamotu Arch: common on predator-free atolls (Southern Bird 8:16).
Prosobonia leucoptera White-winged Sandpiper
The following two taxa were considered distinctive only at the subspecific level (Zusi and Jehl 1970).
P. l. leucoptera Extinct. Res formerly Society Is (Tahiti).
P. l. ellisi Extinct. Res formerly Society Is (Moorea).
Arenaria interpres Ruddy Turnstone
A. i. interpres (includes oahuensis of Siberia to western Alaska, Dickinson 2003) Vis Aug-May, occasional Jun-Jul, throughout w Pacific Is, incl Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is, Hawaiian Is, Marshall Is, Kiribati, Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is, Walpole, Matthew, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Tonga, Niue, Tokelau Is, Cook Is (Holyoak 1980), Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, Kermadec Is, NZ (NI, SI), Auckland Is, Antipodes Is, Chatham Is. Cas Snares Is, Nov-Jan Campbell I, Jul-Aug and Dec Macquarie I, e to Society Is, Tuamotu Arch. At least one banded fall migrant recovered in Hawaiian Is originated from Alaska (R. David), and another from Alaska was recovered in New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003).
A. i. morinella Vis (AOU 1957; Hayman et al 1986) mostly Aug-May Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is. Acc (this subsp?) Hawaiian Is (Baker 1951).
F: Galapagos Is (24 Jun-Jul, Chartier).
A. melanocephala Black Turnstone
Vis Aug-Apr Guadalupe I. Acc Galapagos Is.
Aphriza virgata Surfbird
Vis Sep-Apr Galapagos Is. Cas Revillagigedo Is.
Calidris tenuirostris Great Knot
Cas Sep, Apr Palau, Mariana Is (Nov-Mar Guam, Wiles et al 2000), Caroline Is (Truk), Solomon Is, NZ (Sep-Apr NI, SI). Acc Oct New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Nov Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
F: Palau (with Gr Sand-Plovers east end airport Apr, Klauber).
C. canutus Red Knot
Measurements suggest that 2 populations occur in NZ: one (smaller; piersmai? see Tomkovich 2001) as in e Australia and another (larger) prob rogersi based on bill measurements (HANZAB).
C. c. piersmai Vis NZ (Sep-Apr NI,SI).
C. c. rogersi Vis Sep-Apr Solomon Is, Lord Howe I (rare; not on main migration route, or flyover, McAllan et al 2004). NZ av 50,000 per year (NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is. Cas Hawaiian Is, Fiji, Samoa (Upolu, Tarburton), Sep-Nov Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Norfolk I. Acc Palau, Mariana Is (Oct Guam, Wiles et al 2000), Auckland Is, Campbell I, Nov Macquarie I.
C. c. rufa? Acc Galapagos Is.
C. alba Sanderling
Dickinson (2003) list 2 subspecies, Eurasian alba and Siberian and North American rubida. Both may occur in the Pacific.
Vis Aug-Apr tropical Pacific Is incl Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is, Wake I, Hawaiian Is, Marshall Is, Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Phoenix Is, Line Is, Amerson 1969), Solomon Is (Bougainville, Three Sisters Is, Santa Cruz Is: Pileni Nov, Sand Is Sep, Dutson 2001; Apr, Jul, Sep Bougainville, Hadden 2004a), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji, Samoa, Niue, NZ (NI, SI), Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Galapagos Is. Cas Chatham Is, Cook Is (Manihiki, Manuae, Holyoak 1980), Pitcairn Is, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Clipperton I.
F: Hawaiian Is (Midway I: max 2 Apr, Vandenberg); Solomon Is (Santa Cruz: one Jun-Jul, Chartier).
C. pusilla Semipalmated Sandpiper
Cas Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Oahu), Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Hypo Marshall Is (Spennemann and Benjamin 2004).
C. mauri Western Sandpiper
Vis Aug-Apr Hawaiian Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Revillagigedo Is. Cas Johnston I, NZ (NI, SI), Galapagos Is.
C. minuta Little Stint
Vis Sep-Oct Palau (Baker 1951). Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991). Acc Hawaiian Is (Kure I, Oahu), Solomon Is, Fiji (Viti Levu, duPont 1976), NZ (NI, SI).
C. ruficollis Red-necked Stint
Vis Sep-Apr Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk), Solomon Is incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NZ 150-200 per year (NI, SI). Cas Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is (Kure I, Kauai, Maui, Hawaii), Fiji, Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006). Acc Samoa (Feb-Mar Upolu, Tarburton 2001), Auckland Is, Macquarie I.
F: Palau (Peleliu: 800 Dec, de Vries).
C. temminckii Temminck's Stint
Cas Mariana Is (Saipan, Guam, Wiles et al 2000).
C. subminuta Long-toed Stint
Vis Sep-Apr Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk). Cas Aug Hawaiian Is (Midway I). Acc Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima), Mariana Is (Saipan, hypo Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991), Solomon Is (Bellona, but info does not rule out C. minutilla Least Sandpiper, Dutson 2001, not listed by Mayr and Diamond 2001), Kiribati (Line Is: Kirimati), NZ (Aug-Sep SI).
F: Caroline Is (Yap: 3 small pool west side, Dec, Talbot); Palau (one on Peleliu pond north of town Apr, Klauber).
C. minutilla Least Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May (most Aug-Oct) Hawaiian Is , Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is.
C. fuscicollis White-rumped Sandpiper
Cas NZ (Dec and Mar NI), Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (Oahu) Sep 2006; Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
C. bairdii Baird's Sandpiper
Cas Hawaiian Is (Laysan I, Oahu), NZ (Oct-Apr NI), Galapagos Is. Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
C. melanotos Pectoral Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May tropical Pacific incl Palau, Mariana Is (Guam, Tinian, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Caroline Is (Pohnpei), Marshall Is (Taka, Amerson 1969), Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Oct and Apr-May), Kiribati, Norfolk I, NZ up to 20 per year (NI, SI). Cas Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Vanuatu, Solomon Is (Oct Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Rennell), Nov-Mar Lord Howe I (4 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Fiji, Samoa, Cook Is (Nov, McCormack 2006), Niue (Sep, Powlesland et al 2000), Clipperton I, Cocos I (2 recods Apr, Dean and Montoya 2005), Galapagos Is.
C. acuminata Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
Vis Aug-May Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (most fall and spring- Clements 2003), Marshall Is, Wake I, Hawaiian Is (most Aug-Oct), Kiribati (Gilbert Is, Phoenix Is, Line Is), Solomon Is (Hadden 2004a) incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Walpole, Barre and Dutson 2000, Barre and Bachy 2003), Fiji, Norfolk I, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), NZ 100-200 per year (NI, SI). Cas Kermadec Is (Oct Raoul, Veitch et al 2004), Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc Iwo Is, Tuamotu Is (Nov Mataiva, Pym).
C. alpina Dunlin
C. a. sakhalina Cas Ogasawara Is (Hahajima, Chichijima).
C. a. subsp? Vis Sep-Apr Hawaiian Is. Cas Feb-Mar Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991), Palau, Caroline Is
C. ferruginea Curlew Sandpiper
Vis Palau, Caroline Is (Yap), Solomon Is (Sep- Jul Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Green Is and Nuguria, (Tarburton 2006), NZ 50-100 per year (NI, SI). Cas e Solomon Is, New Caledonia, Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991), Marshall Is (Kwajalein), Hawaiian Is (Oahu), Norfolk I, Aug-Mar Lord Howe I (10+ recs, McAllan et al 2004), Chatham Is (2 recs, Miskelly et al 2006), Auckland Is.
C. himantopus Stilt Sandpiper
Sometimes included in genus Micropalama, but see AOU (1998).
Cas Oct-Apr Galapagos Is. Acc Ogasawara Is (Sep Minamijima), Hawaiian Is (Sep Oahu), NZ (Sep-Nov SI, Hill 2006), Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
Tryngites subruficollis Buff-breasted Sandpiper
Cas Hawaiian Is (Kure I, Midway Is, Kauai, Oahu), Marshall Is (Eniwetok, Amerson 1969, Wiles 2005), Caroline Is (Pohnpei, Chuuk, Buden 2006, Wiles 2005), Johnston I, Tubuai Is (Rapa). Acc Jan Samoa (? Watling 2001), Lord Howe I (Hutton 1991, McAllan et al 2004).
Limicola falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper
L. f. sibiricus Cas Sep Palau, NZ (Nov-Apr and May-Dec NI). Acc Solomon Is (Three Sisters Is).
Philomachus pugnax Ruff
Vis Aug-May Mariana Is, Palau. Cas Caroline Is (Yap- Clements 2003, Truk), Marshall Is, Hawaiian Is, Solomon Is (Bougainville, Hadden 2004a), NZ (Nov-Apr NI and SI). Acc Johnston I.
Steganopus tricolor Wilson's Phalarope
Although some authors place this taxon in Phalaropus, it differs from the next two and is retained here in Steganopus (Christidis and Boles 2008).
Vis Aug-Dec Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is, Johnston I, Easter I. Acc NZ (Sep, and Oct 2005 NI, Nov-Apr SI), Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya and Pascal 2004), at sea between Easter I and Galapagos Is.
Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope
Vis Aug-Apr Galapagos Is. At sea Oct-Apr sw Pacific n of New Guinea but unrecorded Solomon Is, also outer edge Humboldt Current off Ecuador and Peru. Cas Hawaiian Is, Revillagigedo Is (Jehl and Parkes 1982), NZ (Apr-Jun NI, Jan and Mar SI). Acc Mariana Is (May Tinian, Wiles et al 2000).
P. fulicarius Red Phalarope
David and Gosselin (2002a) discussed gender agreement.
At sea Oct-Apr off Chile incl Juan Fernandez Is; Siberian breeders se across Pacific to s of Hawaiian Is (HANZAB); Sep-May off Mexico (most during migration periods, Howell and Webb 1995), Feb-Apr ec Pacific. Cas Galapagos Is, Sep-Oct and Mar-Apr Hawaiian Is, Kiribati, Mar, Jun-Jul NZ (suggests source to east, not Asia). Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS).
F: Hawaiian Is (Kauai: Lehua Rock Apr, one, Melgar).