NESTORIDAE (4 species)

Recent studies (see Christidis and Boles 2008) show that the genera Strigops and Nestor are basal to the remaining Psittaciformes.

Nestor notabilis Kea
This and the next two genera are distinctive, possibly comprising three family-level groups (Dickinson 2003).
Res NZ (SI 5000 inds).
N. meridionalis Kaka
N. m. septentrionalis Res NZ (NI incl Kapiti I and Little Barrier I).
N. m. meridionalis Res NZ (SI, Stewart I, Codfish I).
N. productus Norfolk Island Kaka
Extinct. Formerly res Norfolk I incl Phillip I.
Strigops habroptila Kakapo
David and Gosselin (2002b) established that Strigops by ICZN rule is feminine.
Res NZ, but extirpated NI and last surviving birds removed from SI (Fiordland, 1) and Stewart I (61). Possibility that Stewart I population resulted from introduction discussed by Holdaway et al 2001. Reint Little Barrier I where birds now removed, Codfish I 46 inds, Pearl and/or Chetwode I 7 males, Maud I 9 inds. Thus at 1 Feb 2002 total pop 62 (Powlesland et al 1995). Amazing 2002 breeding season followed, when about 32 of 50 eggs laid by 20 females on Codfish I=Whenua Hou were fertile, with first chicks hatching mid-Feb; total of 26 chicks hatched, with 24 surviving for total pop now 86. Because carrying capacity reached on Codfish I, 3 males and 7 females from Codfish I and 3 males and 1 female from Maud I (total 14, including sole Fiordland bird surviving, "Richard Henry") transferred to Chalky I=Te Kakahu in Fiordland 8 Jul 2002. Thus Codfish I now has 60 birds, Maud I 5 birds, Chalky I 14 birds, Pearl/Chetwode Is 7 birds. Update July 2004: in anticipation of masting and potential breeding on Codfish I in the next couple of years, 12 adults from Chalky taken back to Codfish, and 19 juvs from Codfish to Chalky. Unfortunately 3 of the transferred juvs died, leaving total of 18 birds on Chalky. Codfish now has 65 birds. Total pop now of 83 birds consists of 21 remaining juvs (12 females and 9 males) from the great 2002 breeding year, and 62 older birds (26 females and 36 males). Further breeding in 2005 resulted in 4 surviving chicks, making a total population of 87.


CACATUIDAE (3 species)

Eolophus roseicapillus Galah
Some authors include this species in Cacatua; placement is uncertain, but Christidis and Boles (2008) separated it from Cacatua.
E. r. subsp.? Int NZ (NI w of Firth of Thames <100 inds).
Cacatua galerita Sulphur-crested Cockatoo
C. g. galerita Int, possibly self-int, NZ total pop <1000 inds (NI, SI).
C. g. triton Int Palau (southern Babelduab s to Mecherchar, Engbring 1988).
F: seen flying over Koror, Talbot, Klauber; Rock Is: Long Lake, Watson).
C. ducorpsii Ducorps's Cockatoo
Res Solomon Is except Ulawa, Rannonga, Simbo, Ramos, Makira, Rennell, Bellona (Hadden 2004aa).
F: Solomon Is (Guadalcanal: 8 Mt Austen, 10 on road to Tenaroo Falls, Richards; Kolombangara: 5 between Iriri and Camp Professor, Richards; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot).


LORIIDAE (16 species)

Some authors include Loriidae in Psittacidae.

Chalcopsitta cardinalis Cardinal Lory
Res Solomon Is, incl Nissan (extirp? Hadden 2004b) and Ontong Java (1 rec- Hadden 2004b).
F: Solomon Is (common Guadalcanal, Ghizo, Kolombangara; 2 near Hauta, Makira, Richards; Florida Is: Mana I, Talbot).
Trichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lory
T. h. massena Res Solomon Is incl Green Is (Tarburton 2006), ?Nuguria: 1 rec, Hadden 2004b, Santa Cruz Is: Vanikoro, Tikopia (Dutson 2001); Vanuatu.
F: Solomon Is (common all islands except Rennell, Richards); Vanuatu (common Efate and Santo, Ewin).
T. h. deplanchei Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre incl Ile de Pins, Loyalty Is: int 1970s Ouvea, Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: New Caledonia (common, Quested; common Gr Terre, T. Clarke), Loyalty Is (present Ouvea but not Lifou, T. Clarke).
T. rubiginosus Pohnpei Lory
Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
F: Caroline Is (Pohnpei: very common, Lonsdale; seen from hotel in Kolonia, Talbot). A record from Caroline Islands (Truk: Namoluk Atoll) is considered likely an escaped captive (Pyle and Engbring 1985).
Lorius chlorocercus Yellow-bibbed Lory
Res e Solomon Is (Savo, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Ugi Is, Makira, Rennell, Bellona).
F: Guadalcanal: fairly common Mt Austen and road to Tenaroo Falls, Richards; Rennell: 6 on road to L Tenggano, Richards; Makira: fairly common around Hauta, Richards).
Phygis solitarius Collared Lory
Res Fiji except s Lau Arch.
F: Fiji (very common all islands, Myers).
Vini australis Blue-crowned Lorikeet
Res Wallis and Futuna, Samoa (Savaii, Upolu, Manua Is), Tonga (incl Niuafoou, Rinke 1986), Fiji (s Lau Arch), Niue.
F: Samoa (Upolu: Mt Vaea, Vaisigano, Lonsdale; Savaii: common throughout, Reed 1980).
V. kuhlii Kuhl's (Rimatara) Lorikeet
Res Tubuai Is 900 inds (Rimatara). Formerly Res Cook Is (Aitutaki, Atiu, Mauke, Rarotonga, Mangaia; 27 transferred to Atiu from Rimatara 2007, first chick appeared 2008). Int Kiribati (Teraina, Tabueran).
V. stepheni Stephen's Lorikeet
Res Pitcairn Is (Henderson I).
V. peruviana Tahitian Lorikeet
Res Cook Is (Int Aitutaki), Society Is (Manuae, Motu One, extirp Tahiti), Tuamotu Is (many islands incl Rangiroa).
F: Cook Is (Aitutaki: reasonably common, Child 1981); Tuamotu Is (Rangiroa: Blue Lagoon area 100-150 inds, only other pop on Rangiroa in southeast, Gerischer and Walther 2003).
V. ultramarina Ultramarine Lorikeet
Res Marquesas Is (Nuku Hiva, Ua Pou. Int Ua Huka).
F: Marquesas Is (Ua Pou: fairly common, Nuku Hiva: small pop mt valleys nw Niku Hiva, Ua Huka: common Vaipaee Botanical Garden and Hane, Chester et al 1998).
Charmosyna palmarum Palm Lorikeet
Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is incl Tikopia, Nupani, Nupaku, extirp Vanikoro? Dutson 2001), Vanuatu incl Banks Is.
C. meeki Meek's Lorikeet
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Santa Isabel, Kolombangara, Guadalcanal, Malaita).
F: Solomon Is (Kolombangara: 20 around Camp Professor, Richards); Santa Isabel: 4 Tirotongna, Hornbuckle).
C. placentis Red-flanked Lorikeet
C. p. pallidior Res Solomon Is (Nissan, Nuguria, Hadden 2004b, Buka, Bougainville).
F: Solomon Is (Buka: lowlands, Hadden 1981; not common Nissan, Hadden 2004b).
C. diadema New Caledonian Lorikeet
Extinct? Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre).
F: New Caledonia (poss sighting near Plum 1920s and of 2 west of Mt Panie 1976, Stokes 1980; none found 1998, Ekstrom et al 2002).
C. amabilis Red-throated Lorikeet
Res Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Ovalau; critically endangered, only recent recs 1993 and 2001; poss <50 inds, Masibalavu and Dutson 2006).
F: Fiji (Viti Levu: only around Mt Tomaniivi, Watling 2001; Taveuni: Qeleni Rd, Levine; suggest Tomaniivi Aug-Oct when vunga and drala flowering, as well as montane Taveuni, Masibalavu and Dutson 2006).
C. margarethae Duchess Lorikeet
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Santa Isabel, Guadalcanal, Malaita, Ghizo, Kolombangara, Nggatokae, Makira, Santa Anna, Hadden 2004aa).
F: Solomon Is (common above Hauta, Richards).


PSITTACIDAE (28 species)

Micropsitta finschii Finsch's Pygmy-Parrot
M. f. finschii Res Solomon Is (Ugi Is, Makira, Santa Ana, Rennell).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: one on road to L Tenggano, Richards; Makira: 7 near Hauta, Richards).
M. f. aolae Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal, Malaita, Russell Is).
F: Solomon Is (Guadalcanal: 3 Mt Austen, Richards; Malaita: heard, Hornbuckle).
M. f. tristrami Res Solomon Is (Vella Lavella, Ranongga, Simbo, Ghizo, Kolombangara, Vonavona, Kohinggo, New Georgia, Vangunu, Rendova, Tetepare).
F: Solomon Is (Vella Lavella: heard, Hornbuckle 1999).
M. f. nanina Res Solomon Is (Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida Is, Mayr and Diamond 2001, Hadden 2004aa).
F: Solomon Is (Buka: mostly 600-750m, Hadden 1981; Santa Isabel: abund at low levels Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001).
M. bruijnii Red-breasted Pygmy-Parrot
M. b. rosea Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal, Kolombangara).
M. b. brevis Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
F: Solomon Is (Bougainville: above 1200m, Schodde 1977).
Prosopeia tabuensis Red Shining-Parrot
P. t. taviunensis Res Fiji (Taveuni, Qamea).
F: Fiji (Taveuni: 2 on Des Voeux Peak, Myers; fairly common, T. Clarke).
P. t. atrogularis Res Fiji (Vanua Levu, Kioa).
P. t. koroensis Res Fiji (Koro).
The following subsp is presumed to consist of populations resulting from introductions of at least 2 subsp, or of captive-bred birds; the type spec was collected from Tonga (Eua, Watling 2001).
P. t. tabuensis Int Fiji (Gau), int Tonga (Eua 700-1000 inds, now extirpated Tongatapu, Late and Tofua, Fordham et al 2004).
P. splendens Kadavu Shining-Parrot
Res Fiji (Kadavu, Ono; int Viti Levu; est 9000 inds Kadavu, Masibalavu and Dutson 2006).
F: Fiji (Viti Levu: common, especially in forest, but also village edge, Lonsdale. Kadavu: a few, Myers; very common, T. Clarke).
P. personata Masked Shining-Parrot
Res Fiji (Viti Levu; extirp Ovalau; est 155,000 inds, Masibalavu and Dutson 2006).
F: Fiji (Viti Levu: common Joske's Thumb area, Lonsdale; fairly common Colo-I-Suva Pk, Myers; Nausori Hghlds, T. Clarke; 20+ daily Nausori Hglds, Sargeant 1992).
Eunymphicus cornutus Horned Parakeet
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre 2000 inds, Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: New Caledonia (4 PTRB (Pont Germain), T. Clarke; heath above Pont Germain, Gregory; common at Nodela to 1100m and Riviere Pujemia in 1998, Ekstrom et al 2002).
E. uvaeensis Ouvea Parakeet
Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Ouvea 617 (274-996) inds Robinet et al 1996; introduction failed Lifou, Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: Loyalty Is (Ouvea: pair at nest hole, guide needed, 2 Nov, T. Clarke; most in forest Gossana and Teuta, Robinet et al 2004).
Cyanoramphus unicolor Antipodes Island Parakeet
Res Antipodes Is 2000-3000 inds.
C. novaezelandiae Red-crowned Parakeet
C. n. cyanurus Res Kermadec Is (10,000 prs Macauley, 50 prs Herald Is, extirp but poss re-establishing Raoul, Veitch et al 2004).
C. n. novaezelandiae (includes aucklandicus). Res NZ (NI, SI, Great Barrier I, Stewart I; Int Tiritiri Matangi I, Cuvier I, Whale I), Auckland Is. Acc Dec-Feb 1974-1975 Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001).
C. n. chathamensis Res Chatham Is (Mangere I, Little Mangere I, Rangatira = Southeast I, Chatham I, Pitt I; total 160 inds on the latter two islands).
C. erythrotis Macquarie Parakeet
Biochemical evidence indicates that this taxon and the next are specifically distinct from C. novaezelandiae (Boon et al 2001), but the conclusion by the same authors that this taxon and the next are very similar was based on a specimen purportedly from Macquarie Island that in fact appears to have been obtained on Antipodes Is (Scofield 2005). The latter author suggested, therefore, that the two taxa be considered separate species pending further study.
Extinct. Formerly res Macquarie I.
C. hochstetteri Reischek's Parakeet
Res Antipodes Is 4000-5000 inds.
C. saisseti New Caledonian Red-crowned Parakeet
Mitochondrial DNA studies indicate this taxon is a separate species (Boon et al, 2001).
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre).
F: New Caledonia (2-3 PTRB: Pont Germain, T. Clarke; only one seen was in heath above Pont Germain, Gregory; small group with tape PTRB, pr Mt Koghi, Klauber).
C. cookii Tasman Parakeet
Sometimes considered subsp of novaezelandiae, but mitochondrial DNA studies show separate species (Boon et al 2001). On biogeographical grounds, Christidis and Boles (2008) considered cookii and subflavescens subspecies of cookii.
C. c. cookii Res Norfolk I (250 inds, Christian 2005).
F: Norfolk I (c 20 birds 1986, captive breeding program started 1983, Hermes; pop 120 in 1997, Moore 1999; 2 at Bot Gardens near aviary early am when wild birds hang around captives, also 2 Mt Pitt track, Duranti; several Nat Pk, also McLaughlins Lane, Bot Gardens, R. Clarke; 1-2 seen 6 times in Nat Pk and Bot Gardens, incl around aviary early am, Hobcroft; seen at "cage", but also a few locations in NINP 2005, Ewin; only ones seen were in Bot Gardens 2007, Marsh)).
C. c. subflavescens Extinct. Formerly res Lord Howe I.
C. auriceps Yellow-crowned Parakeet
Auckland Is birds may be subspecifically different (HANZAB).
Res NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I, Codfish I), Auckland Is.
C. forbesi Forbes' Parakeet
DNA studies indicate C. a. forbesi is distinct from both C. auriceps and C. novaezelandiae (Boon et al 2000); the level of hybridization with C. n. chathamensis, however, has led to significant introgression. Chan et al (2005) found that only 18% of birds captured on Mangere I 1999-2003 were "pure".
Res <100 inds Chatham Is (Little Mangere I, Mangere I).
C. malherbi Orange-fronted Parakeet
This taxon has been considered at various times a full species or a color-morph of C. auriceps Yellow-fronted Parakeet (Taylor et al 1986), but recent DNA studies and field work which found no mixed pairs with C. auriceps indicate that it is indeed genetically distinct from C. auriceps and appears to be more closely related to C. novaezelandiae Red-crowned Parakeet (Boon et al 2000; Kearvell et al 2003).
Res NZ (SI 200 inds: Hawdon Valley, South Hurunui Valley, North Hurunui Valley, Poulter Valley, poss Eglinton Valley; 6 females in captivity, 3 breeding as of 2005; 16 chicks fledged in captivity 2004-2005, 13 released Chalky Island 2006, Southern Bird #26; at least 16 unbanded birds found Chalky Island late 2006 ie bred successfully; a few captive-fledged int to Maud I 2007).
C. zealandicus Black-fronted Parakeet
Extinct. Formerly res Society Is (Tahiti).
C. ulietanus Raiatea Parakeet
Extinct. Formerly res Society Is (Raiatea).
Platycercus elegans Crimson Rosella
P. c. elegans (Forshaw and Cooper 1977). Int Norfolk I, NZ (NI, prob no extant established populations?), Lord Howe I where now extirpated (Hutton 1991).
F: Norfolk I (numerous Norfolk I NP, Hermes; common, Duranti).
P. eximius Eastern Rosella
P. e. eximius Int NZ (NI, SI, HANZAB).
P. e. elecica Int NZ (NI, SI, HANZAB).
P. e. subsp? Acc Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
P. adscitus Pale-headed Rosella
Int Hawaiian Is, now extirp (Pyle 2002).
Lathamus discolor Swift Parrot
Acc Sep Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
Geoffroyus heteroclitus Singing Parrot
G. h. heteroclitus Res Solomon Is except Rennell.
F: Solomon Is (Guadalcanal: fairly common Mt Austen, Richards; Makira: several near Kirakira, Richards, a few Hauta, Hornbuckle; New Georgia Is: Uepi, Talbot).
G. h. hyacinthinus Res Solomon Is (Rennell).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: several along road to L Tenggano, Richards).
Eclectus roratus Eclectus Parrot
E. r. solomonensis Res Solomon Is except Rennell.
F: Solomon Is (Guadalcanal: 3 Mt Austen, Richards; Kolombangara: 6 near Iriri, Richards; Makira: 10 near Kirakira, Richards; New Georgia Is: Pigeon I, Talbot).
E. r. polychloros? Int Palau (Koror to Mecherchar).
Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet
P. k. subsp? Int Hawaiian Is (Kauai, Oahu, Hawaii, D. Pratt).
F: Hawaiian Is (Kauai: Hanapepe Valley spring-early summer in cornfields, Pratt 1993; in trees north wall of canyon 8.30am, Lindsay).
Aratinga brevipes Socorro Parakeet
AOU uses "Conure" instead of "Parakeet" for this genus.
Considered by some authors a subsp of A. holochlora Green Parakeet, but see Howell and Webb (1995).
Res Revillagigedo Is (Socorro I 400-500 inds).
A. mitrata Mitred Parakeet
The flock on Hawaii may contain a few similar species as well as hybrids; R. David reports A. erythrogenys Red-masked Parakeet and also two birds suspected of being A. wagleri Red-fronted Parakeet.
Int Hawaiian Is (Maui, Hawaii, Pyle 2002; Runde and Pitt 2008).
F: Hawaiian Is (Hawaii: clearly established, D. Pratt; well-established Kona coast; early morning Kaloko Drive, R. David; roost high on Hualalai, Lindsay; the parakeets/conures forage at least as far south as Hookena Beach and as far north as Anaehoomalu Beach, and are regularly seen in kiawe thickets in and around the town of Kailua-Kona, R. David).
A. erythrogenys Red-masked Parakeet
The Oahu flock has a few A. acuticaudata Blue-crowned Parakeets (NAB).
Int/escaped Hawaiian Is (Oahu, NAB).
Cyanoliseus patagonus Burrowing Parakeet
C. p. subsp.? (Escaped, established?) Hawaiian Is (Hawaii).
F: Hawaiian Is (Hawaii: flock seen Apr 2000 along Kona sea cliffs at south end Alii Drive, Lepson; "what appeared to be nesting sites in-between lava layers on a sea cliff in a small cove just south of Kona", Starr; Nov 2000 South Kona, D. Pratt; the birds roost as some have mentioned, south of the old Kona Surf hotel in the sea cliffs. They regularly forage as far north as the Mauna Kea Hotel, and have been seen inland on Parker ranch lands above Mamaloha Highway, R. David.).
Amazona viridigenalis Red-crowned Parrot
Int Hawaiian Is (Oahu; N Am Birds 56: 121, Pyle 2002).
F: Hawaiian Is (Oahu: flocks up to 75 in Pearl City area).