TYTONIDAE (5 species)

Tyto novaehollandiae Masked Owl
T. n. castanops sometimes treated as full species (Sibley and Monroe 1990).
T. n. castanops (May have been some T. n. novaehollandiae introduced also, McAllan et al 2004). Int 10+ prs Lord Howe I.
T. javanica Eastern Barn Owl
Recent studies (see Christidis and Boles 2008) suggest that Barn Owls of southern Asia, Australia, and the southwest Pacific are separable at the species level, as are those of the Americas; the specific epithet for the former is javanica, which has precedence over delicatula, and for the latter furcata, which is the oldest name available (Christidis and Boles 2008).
The subspecies bellonae is not recognized by Mayr and Diamond (2001); any or all of bellonae, interposita, lifuensis, and lulu are doubtfully separable.
Worthy (BIRDING-NZ) believes that Barn Owls have colonized all islands that they occupy east of the Solomons (Fiji, Niue etc) during the last 3000 years (Niue 2100 years, Samoa 1200 years), and were not there before humans came to these islands and introduced Pacific Rat (kiore). Worthy believes also that this rapid spread would be relatively unlikely if only one owl ever dispersed out side its existing range at one time so it seems likely they have a propensity to colonize in small groups.
T. j. javanica (=delicatula) Cas Feb-Apr and Jun-Nov NI, SI, also Norfolk I (Hermes). Int Lord Howe I, now prob extirpated; fresh skeleton Feb 1971, likely vagrant (Hutton 1991).
T. j. crassirostris Res Solomon Is incl Nissan, Buka, Bougainville (Hadden 2004a, 2004b), Rennell.
T. j. bellonae Res Solomon Is (Bellona).
T. j. interposita Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Nendo, Vanikoro), Vanuatu (s to Efate), Banks Is (Vanua Lava).
F: Vanuatu (Santo: prob reasonably easy in coconut plantations at night, Ewin).
T. j. lifuensis (Included in T. j. javanica (=delicatula) by HANZAB and Barre and Dutson 2000). Res s Vanuatu (Erromango, Tanna, Aneityum), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is).
F: 1 PTRB (Fairbank).
T. j. lulu Res Fiji, Rotuma, Wallis and Futuna, Tonga (incl Nuiafou, Rinke 1986), Samoa (Savaii, Upolu, Tutuila, Manua Is), Niue.
F: Mt Vaea, Vaisigano (Lonsdale). Common Savaii (Reed 1980).
T. furcata American Barn Owl
T. f. pratincola Int Hawaiian Is (SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Acc NI: remains of one in aircraft undercarriage from USA via Hawaii (HANZAB). Int Lord Howe I, now extirpated (Hutton 1991).
F: Hawaiian Is (Kauai: Kilauea Pt, open fields in area on n shore, Pratt 1993; Hawaii: Hakalau NWR, Lindsay).
T. f. subsp? Cas Revillagigedo Is (Apr-May Socorro, Howell and Webb 1995; see also Jehl and Parkes 1982).
T. punctatissima Galapagos Barn Owl
This taxon was split from T. furcata according to Konig and Weick (2008).
Res Galapagos Is 9000 inds (Swash and Still 2005).
T. longimembris (incl walleri) Eastern Grass Owl
Often considered conspecific with T. capensis; includes oustaleti.
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is: ?Lifou, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji (Viti Levu, possibly extirpated).
F: New Caledonia (rare and/or discrete, may only be visitor, Barre and Dutson 2000).


STRIGIDAE (13 species)

Pyrroglaux podargina Palau Owl
Included until recently in Otus (see Dickinson 2003).
Res Palau (larger is incl Peleliu).
F: Palau (all major islands, incl smaller high limestone islands, but rare on Angaur and level sandy islands; common interior Babelduab, savannas, high limestone island forests, esp river bottoms; active at dusk, Engbring 1988; up to 10 heard one night Peleliu, Talbot).
Bubo virginianus Great Horned Owl
B. v. subsp.? Int Marquesas Is (Hiva Oa).
F: Marquesas Is (Hiva Oa: sea level to 1000m, Chester et al 1998).
Micrathene whitneyi Elf Owl
M. w. graysoni Extinct? Res Revillagigedo Is (Socorro I; none found there 1978 and 1981, Jehl and Parkes 1982).
Athene noctua Little Owl
A. n. vidalii? (HANZAB). Int SI.
A. cunicularia Burrowing Owl
A. c. rostrata Res Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is (Clarion I 850 prs, Wanless et al 2009).
Ninox novaeseelandiae Southern Boobook (Morepork)
Christidis and Boles (2008), in combining novaeseelandiae and boobook, pointed out that findings of Norman et al (1998) have been mis-interpreted in the literature and did not in fact provide evidence for species status of the two forms; Norman et al (1998) used leucopsis of Tasmania in their study but had no representative of Australian boobook.
N. n. boobook Int, now extirp, Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
N. n. albaria Extinct. Formerly res Lord Howe I.
N. n. undulata Res Norfolk I, now only hybrids (est 40, Christian 2005) with N. n. novaeseelandiae extant.
F: Present NINP sw corner 1984-85 (Hermes). In 1987, only one fem remained, so 2 males novaeseelandiae introduced (Moore 1999). Last endemic female "expired" 1996, now only 15 hybrids undulata/novaeseelandiae and an introduced male novaeseelandiae at end of 1996 (Bielewicz birding-aus 1999; Moore 1999). Although not peak calling season, 3-4 heard near Cook Mem and Red Rock track Jun 2005 (Ewin).
N. n. novaeseelandiae Res NI, SI, Stewart I. Cas Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001).
N. scutulata Brown Hawk-Owl
N. s. japonica Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Iwo Is (Kita-iwojima), Palau (Helen I, photo, Pratt and Etpison 2008), Mariana Is (Rota, Pratt et al 1987, Reichel and Glass 1991).
N. jacquinoti Solomon Islands Hawk-Owl
Mayr and Diamond (2001) separate the following subspecies into three distinctive groups: eichhorni/mono/jacquinoti/floridae; granti; and malaitae/roseoaxillaris.
N. j. eichhorni Res Buka, Bougainville, Solomon Is (Shortland Is, Choiseul).
F: heard Bougainville (Gregory).
N. j. mono Res Solomon Is (Mono).
N. j. jacquinoti Res Solomon Is (Santa Isabel incl San Jorge).
F: Common Garanga R, Isabel (Kratter et al 2001). Tirotongna (Hornbuckle 1999).
N. j. floridae Res Solomon Is (Florida Is).
N. j. granti Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
F: 2 heard Mt Austen (Hornbuckle 1999).
N. j. malaitae Res Solomon Is (Malaita).
N. j. roseoaxillaris Res Solomon Is (Makira, Ugi Is, Santa Catalina).
Sceloglaux albifacies Laughing Owl
S. a. rufifacies Extinct. Res formerly NI.
S. a. albifacies Extinct. Res formerly SI, Stewart I.
Asio otus Long-eared Owl
A. o. otus Acc Ogasawara Is (Apr Torishima), Iwo Is (Kita-iwojima).
A. flammeus Short-eared Owl
A. f. flammeus Cas s Izu Is (Torishima), Ogasawara Is (Hahajima), Mariana Is (Guam, Tinian, Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991, Pagan, Spennemann 2004), Caroline Is (Kosrae, hypo Yap), Marshall Is (Spennemann 2004), Hawaiian Is (NW Is, no confirmed records SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Wake I, Revillagigedo Is (Clarion, Socorro, Howell and Webb 1995).
A. f. ponapensis Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei 12 inds).
F: "more numerous than literature indicates" poss 50+; 4 seen savanna area just outside Kolonia 18:00 hrs (Buden 2000).
A. f. sandwichensis Res Hawaiian Is (SE Is, vagrant NW Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Hawaiian Is (Hawaii: common n half Saddle Rd, Pratt 1993; Mauai: lower slopes Haleakala, esp between Pulalani and Hakeakala NP, Pratt 1993; Kauai: nr parking lot Kilauea NWR, Lindsay).
A. f. suinda Res Juan Fernandez Is.
A. galapagoensis Galapagos Short-eared Owl
This taxon was split from A. flammeus according to Konig and Weick (2008).
Res Galapagos Is (except Fernandina, Wenman, Culpepper) 9000 inds (Swash and Still 2005).
Nesasio grammicus Fearful Owl
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel).
F: Santa Isabel: one heard Tirotongna, Hornbuckle.


UPUPIDAE (1 species)

Upupa epops Hoopoe
U. e. epops (includes saturata) Acc Ogasawara Is (Hahajima), Mariana Is (Saipan, Reichel and Glass 1991).


BUCEROTIDAE (1 species)

Aceros plicatus Blyth's Hornbill
Some authors retain Rhyticeros as the generic name.
A. c. harterti Res Solomon Is (Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Is).
A. c. mendanae Res Solomon Is (Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Malaita, Guadalcanal, New Georgia Is, Mayr and Diamond 2001).
F: Guadalcanal: 1 Mt Austen, Richards; 6 Mt Austen, Hornbuckle; Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001; seen, Hornbuckle; Kolombangara: seen, Hornbuckle.


MEROPIDAE (1 species)

Merops ornatus Rainbow Bee-eater
Cas Solomon Is (Nissan, Hadden 2004a, 2004b). Acc Mariana Is (Saipan), Palau (Pratt and Etpison 2008), Aug Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).


CORACIIDAE (1 species)

Eurystomus orientalis Eastern Broad-billed Roller (Dollarbird)
E. o. calonyx Acc Iwo Is (Iwojima, Brazil 1991). See comment below under pacificus.
E. o. solomonensis Res Solomon Is incl Buka, Bougainville.
F: Guadalcanal: 1 Mt Austen, Richards; Kolombangara: 1 below Camp Professor, Richards; Makira: several betw Hauta and coast, Richards; Santa Isabel: unc Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001.
E. o. pacificus Vis Dec-May Palau (this subsp. and northern subsp. probably both occur, Pratt and Etpison 2008), Oct-Nov and Feb-Jun Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004). Acc Caroline Is (Jun Yap, acc Pohnpei, Mayr 1945, Pratt et al 1987), ?Norfolk I, NZ (NI, SI).


ALCEDINIDAE (3 species)

Distinctness of this family from Halcyonidae was discussed by Christidis and Boles (1994), who noted also that Halcyonidae has precedence over Dacelonidae. Following Fry and Fry (1999), Cerylidae has equivalent status. Some authors (eg Boyd) treat the three families as subfamilies of Halcyonidae.

Ceyx lepidus Dwarf Kingfisher
Fry and Fry (1999) included this taxon in Alcedo "partly out of convenience", noting that it has characters of both genera. Recent studies indicate that Alcedo thus constituted is paraphyletic, and pusilla, often included in Alcedo, belongs in Ceyx (see Christidis and Boles 2008). Fry and Fry (1999) included pallidus in meeki. Mayr and Diamond (2001) considered meeki (including pallidus) quite distinct.
C. l. pallidus Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Buka).
C. l. meeki Res Solomon Is (Choiseul, Santa Isabel).
F: Santa Isabel: unc Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001.
C. l. collectoris Res Solomon Is (Vella Lavella, New Georgia Is).
F: Kolombangara: heard, Hornbuckle 1999. Vella Lavella, heard 1999, Hornbuckle 1999.
C. l. malaitae Extinct? Res Solomon Is (Malaita).
C. l. nigromaxilla Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
C. l. gentianus Res Solomon Is (Makira).
F: Makira: 2 between Hauta and coast, Richards 1996.
C. pusilla Mangrove (Little) Kingfisher
C. p. bougainvillei Res Solomon Is (?Nissan, Tarburton 2006, Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Is, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida Is).
F: Santa Isabel: rare Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001.
C. p. richardsi Res c Solomon Is (Vella Lavella to Tetepare).
C. p. aolae Extinct? Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
Alcedo atthis River Kingfisher
A. a. salomonensis Res Solomon Is (Nissan, Hadden 2004b, Buka, Bougainville, e to Makira and Malaita).
F: Kolombangara: 2 along beach Kukundu, Richards. Makira: 2 between Hauta and coast, Richards. Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001. Singles at shore of most islands, Hornbuckle 1999.
A. a. bengalensis Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima), Mariana Is (Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991).


CERYLIDAE (1 species)

The sub-genus megaceryle has been raised to generic status (AOU 2007).
Megaceryle alcyon Belted Kingfisher
Vis Oct-Mar Guadelupe I, Revillagigedo Is, Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Cas Hawaiian Is (Sep-Apr SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Cocos I (Montoya 2008).


HALCYONIDAE (17 species)

Fry and Fry (1999) included "Pacific flatbills" Todiramphus in Halcyon, a course followed by Pratt et al (1987) and Mayr and Diamond (2001). However Christidis and Boles (1994) considered Australasian species sometimes placed in Halcyon to be distinct at the generic level from African and Asian members of the genus, based on a broad range of evidence. Christidis and Boles (1994) used Todiramphus for these Australasian species, although others, while recognizing Todiramphus, have limited its use to birds of certain Pacific islands (see T. tutus below). The latter course is followed here.

Actenoides bougainvillei Moustached Kingfisher
Retained in Halcyon by Mayr and Diamond (2001).
A. b. bougainevillei Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
F: not seen for 50 years (Hadden 1981), but poss heard near Arawa 1986 (Wheatley 1998), and one seen western side Mt Takuan at nest hole (Hadden 2004a).
A. b. excelsus Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
F: Turipava area above Ando, Wheatley 1998; seen 1325m central highlands 1994, Gibbs.
Dacelo novaeguineae Laughing Kookaburra
D. n. novaeguineae Int (some self-int?) NZ (NI).
F: Kawau I, jct Matakana and Anderson Rds near Warkworth, Weranui Rd, Wenderholm Park, also around Puramahoi in Golden Bay (from Australia?).
Halcyon leucopygia Ultramarine Kingfisher
This and the next two species are included in the superspecies H. diops by Mayr and Diamond (2001). Halcyon is feminine (David and Gosselin 2002).
Res Solomon Is (?Nissan, Tarburton 2006, Buka, Bougainville, Fauro, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Florida Is, Guadalcanal).
F: Bougainville: lowland forest to about 700m, Hadden 2004a. Guadalcanal: 2 Mt Austen, 2 track Tenaroo Falls, Richards. Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001.
H. farquhari Chestnut-bellied Kingfisher
Res Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo, Malo, Malekula).
F: Santo: heard, not seen, Ewin; two at Belaru, Myers et al.
H. macleayii Forest Kingfisher
H. m. subsp.? Acc Solomon Is (Kolombangara Aug, Dutson 2001), Oct Norfolk I (HANZAB).
H. saurophaga Beach Kingfisher
Mayr and Diamond (2001) suggest that this species and H. chloris arose in different geographic areas of Northern Melanesia and have not yet become sympatric, although there may be some introgression in the northern Bismarcks.
H. s. saurophaga Res Solomon Is e to Makira and Santa Ana, incl Green Is and Nuguria (Tarburton 2006, Takuu and Tulun, Hadden 2004b).
F: Ghizo: 1 at Olasana Island, Richards 1996; 5 Pailonnge, 1 Gizo airport, Hornbuckle 1999). Kolombangara: 2, Hornbuckle 1999; common Nissan, Hadden 2004b).
H. chloris White-collared Kingfisher
Species limits between this species, H. sancta, and T. tutus are unsettled. Mayr and Diamond (2001) note that H. sancta and H. chloris are closely related and "seem to have spread in several waves". H. sancta is generally smaller, and occupies more open habitats and smaller perches than H. chloris where they occur together in Northern Melanesia (Mayr and Diamond 2001). Pratt et al (1987) assigned the rusty-bellied taxa of Fiji and Futuna (vitiensis, eximia, and regina) to H. sancta (contra Mayr and Diamond 2001), based on their resemblance to New Caledonia birds and vocalizations, and the eastern Fijian, Tongan, and Samoan taxa marinus, sacer, manuae and pealei to T. tutus, based on generally smaller size than other chloris taxa, and their resemblance in plumage and vocalizations to T. tutus. This arrangement is followed here. Fry and Fry (1999), while indicating that the assignments of Pratt et al (1987) may be correct, retained these groups of taxa in H. chloris. A sighting of 2 birds on Nauru Apr-Jul 1961 may be this taxon or H. sanctus (Buden 2008).
H. c. teraokai Res Palau.
F: Seen, de Vries; common all main islands, not in deep forest, Engbring 1988; 10-15 daily, Talbot; Peleliu: 15 seen, S. Smith.
H. c. owstoni Res Mariana Is (Sarigan, Alamagan, Pagan, Agrigan, Asuncion).
H. c. albicilla Res Mariana Is (Aguigan, Saipan, Tinian).
F: Saipan: up to 6 Marpi Forest, S. Smith.
H. c. orii Res Mariana Is (Rota).
F: Rota: 15 seen daily, S. Smith.
H. c. bennetti Res Solomon Is (Nissan, ?Nukumanu, Hadden 2004b).
H. c. alberti This taxon and the next two are very similar (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
Res Solomon Is (except Pavuvu, Malaita, Makira, Ugi Is, Santa Ana, Rennell).
F: common, Richards; Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001.
H. c. mala Res Solomon Is (Malaita).
H. c. pavuvu Res Solomon Is (Pavuvu, Mbanika).
H. c. solomonis This subspecies and the next two are a group closely-related to Vanuatu birds; amoenus is most distinctive (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
Res Solomon Is (Ugi Is, Makira, Santa Ana, Santa Catalina).
H. c. sororum Res Solomon Is (Three Sisters Is: Malaupaina, Malaulaulo).
H. c. amoenA Res Solomon Is (Rennell, Bellona).
F: common, Richards.
H. c. brachyurA Res Solomon Is (Reef Is: Fenualoa, Lomlom).
H. c. vicina Res Solomon Is (Duff Is).
H. c. ornata Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is, Tinakula).
H. c. utupuae Res Solomon Is (Utupua).
H. c. melanodera Res Solomon Is (Vanikoro).
H. c. nov. subsp. Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Tikopia, Anuta, Mayr 1945, Dutson 2001).
H. c. torresiana Res Vanuatu (Torres Is: Hiu, Lo, Toga).
H. c. santoensis Res Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo to Banks Is, Malo).
F: Santo: abundant (Ewin).
H. c. erromangae Res Vanuatu (Erromango, Aneityum).
H. c. tannensis Res Vanuatu (Tanna).
H. c. juliae Res Vanuatu (from Maewo, Ambae, and Aoba s to Efate).
F: Efate: several (Ewin).
H. cinnamomina Micronesian Kingfisher
This species is a member of the H. chloris group (Pratt et al 1987). Pratt and Etpison (2008) consider this group of 3 subspecies to be separate species, using Rusty-capped Kingfisher for the English name of pelewensis.
H. c. pelewensis Res Palau.
F: denser forests, Baker; common to unc Babelduab, Peleliu, and high limestone islands in between; deep forests, Engbring 1988; 2 in trees wooded rock, Koror, Talbot.
H. c. reichenbachii Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
F: seen each day, Lonsdale; 4 seen, S. Smith; 4 on telegraph wires Kolonia to fern forest, Talbot.
H. c. cinnamomina Formerly res Mariana Is (Guam, now extirp, Reichel and Glass 1991).
H. sancta Sacred Kingfisher
Fry and Fry (1999) included H. recurvirostris in H. sancta, but it is rather distinct. Subspecies norfolkiensis and adamsi are often included in vagans; while adamsi is indeed rather similar to vagans, norfolkiensis, along with birds from Kermadec Is, is rather dissimilar (HANZAB).
H. s. sancta Res? (has bred) Solomon Is (Nissan, Tarburton 2006), Guadalcanal, Makira grp, other islands, Mayr and Diamond 2001). Mostly vis Mar-Sep Solomon Is from Australia (HANZAB, Hadden 2004a, 2004b) incl Green Is, Tulun, Takuu (Hadden 2004b). Vagrant (this subsp?) Marshall Is (Pyle and Engbring 1985). Hypo Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
F: Solomon Is (Santa Isabel: unc migrant Jul Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001. Widespread, Hornbuckle).
H. s. vagans Res Kermadec Is (50 prs Raoul I, <10 prs Herald Is, Veitch et al 2004), NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I). Cas (4 recs) Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006).
H. s. norfolkiensis Res Norfolk I.
F: seen, Hermes et al; common throughout, Duranti.
H. s. adamsi Res Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
F: common, Quested.
H. s. canacorum Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Isle of Pines).
F: common, Quested 1998.
H. s. macmillani Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is).
F: common, Quested 1998.
H. s. vitiensis Res Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Lomaiviti Group: Koro, Ovalau, Ngau).
F: common, Myers 1996.
H. s. eximia Res Fiji (Kadavu, Ono, Vanua Kula).
F: quite common, Myers.
H. s. regina Res Wallis and Futuna (Futuna).
H. recurvirostris Flat-billed Kingfisher
Sometimes considered conspecific with H. sancta, but the rusty-bellied taxa found in Fiji (vitiensis, eximia, and regina) are much more similar to H. sancta than is H. recurvirostris (Pratt et al 1987).
Res Samoa (Savaii, Upolu).
F: Upolu: Vaisigano, Lonsdale 1996; Savaii: common, Reed 1979.
Todiramphus tutus Pacific (Chattering) Kingfisher
This species and the next five belong to the H. chloris group (Pratt et al 1987); they were considered to constitute the Todiramphus allospecies group by Mayr and Diamond (2001), a more limited position than that taken by Christidis and Boles (1994). Holyoak (1980) mentions a kingfisher of unknown affinities on Rarotonga until about 1940; it seems likely on geographic grounds to have been part of the T. tutus group.
T. t. tutus Res Society Is (Bora Bora, Maupiti, Raiatea, Huahine, Tahaa, Tupai, Tahiti).
F: rare on Tahiti, Thibault et al 1975.
T. t. atiu Res Cook Is (Atiu).
T. t. mauke Res Cook Is (Mauke).
T. t. marinus Res Fiji (Lau Arch.).
T. t. sacer (note correct spelling, Penhallurick) Res Tonga (s islands n to Haapai Grp).
T. t. pealei Res Samoa (Tutuila).
F: seen off Fagasa Rd, Lonsdale.
T. t. manuae Res Samoa (Manua Is).
T. veneratus Tahiti Kingfisher
This species and the next 4 are sometimes included within T. tutus.
T. v. veneratus Res Society Is (Tahiti).
T. v. youngi Res Society Is (Moorea).
T. ruficollaris Mangaia Kingfisher
Treated as a subspecies of T. tutus by Fry and Fry (1999), who noted that it could as easily be included in H. sancta.
Res Cook Is 400-700 inds (Mangaia).
F: fairly common 1973, Holyoak 1980.
T. gambieri Gambier Kingfisher
Fry and Fry (1999), while noting the isolation of this taxon from similar taxa, tentatively included it in T. tutus because of its resemblance to the latter. DuPont (1975) considered this a "doubtful species", questioning the Mangareva type locality and speculating that the single known specimen may have come from Micronesia.
Extinct. Res formerly Gambier Is (Mangareva).
T. gertrudae Niau Kingfisher
Although sometimes treated with gambieri as subspecies of "Tuamotu Kingfisher", the two are separated by 1250 km with no evidence that kingfishers occurred on the scores of intervening islands (Fry and Fry 1999).
Res Tuamotu Is (Niau).
T. godeffroyi Marquesas Kingfisher
Res Marquesas Is (Hiva Oa, Tahuata, Fatu Hiva, poss extirpated Hiva Oa, Fatu Hiva).
F: Tahuata: in forests, Chester et al 1998.