NOTIOMYSTIDAE (1 species)

Notiomystis cincta Stitchbird (Hihi)
Work by Ewen et al (2006) and Driskell et al (2007) showed that this taxon is not closely-related to Meliphagidae, but separated from Callaeatidae long enough ago to be distinct at the generic level.
N. c. hautura Res NZ (Little Barrier I several thousand inds). Reint NZ (Tiritiri Matangi I 226 inds Feb 2008, Kapiti I 100+, Karori Sanctuary in Wellington where nesting in tall Kauri trees, Waitakere Ranges near Auckland).
N. c. cincta Extirp NZ (NI).


CALLAEATIDAE (4 species)

Callaeas cinereus Kokako
David and Gosselin (2002b) established that Callaeas is masculine.
The NI and SI populations may be separate at the specific level based on plumage and ecological differences (Holdaway et al 2001; Murphy et al 2006).
C. c. wilsoni Res NZ (NI 1650 inds in about 15 discrete populations; int Little Barrier I, Tiritiri Matangi I, Kapiti I).
C. c. cinereus Extinct? Res NZ (SI, Stewart I); 50 calls ascribed to this subspecies in Big River Valley, Fiordland Jan 2006, Southern bird #26).
Philesturnus carunculatus South Island Saddleback
The NI and SI taxa are treated as separate species based on size and plumage differences, and the possession of a juvenile plumage only by carunculatus (Holdaway et al 2001).
Res 650 inds NZ (South Cape islands off Stewart I; extirp SI, Stewart I; int islands off Stewart I, Motuara I in Marlborough Sounds).
P. rufusater North Island Saddleback
Res NZ (5000 inds Hen I; extirp NI, Great Barrier I, Little Barrier I, Hen and Chickens Is except Hen I, Cuvier Is; reint Hen and Chickens Is (Lady Alice, Whatupuke; self- int Coppermine), Cuvier I, Mercury Is (Red Mercury I, Stanley I), Little Barrier I; int Tiritiri Matangi I (400+), Kapiti I, Mokoia I (Lake Rotorua), Motuihe I (Hauraki Gulf) 20 inds from Tiritiri Matangi I.
Heterolocha acutirostris Huia
Extinct. Res formerly NZ (NI).


PETROICIDAE (5 species)

Christidis and Boles (1994) note that Petroicidae has priority over Eopsaltridae.

Eopsaltria flaviventris Yellow-bellied Robin
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Ile de Pins).
F: 8-21 daily PTRB, 1 Mt Koghi, Fairbank).
Petroica multicolor Pacific Robin
P. m. septentrionalis Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
F: common 1200-1950m, Hadden 1981.
P. m. kulambangrae Res Solomon Is (Kolombangara).
F: 2 near summit Mt Veve, Richards.
P. m. polymorpha Res Solomon Is (Makira).
F: 2 above Hauta, Richards.
P. m. dennisi Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal, Mayr and Diamond 2001).
P. m. ambrynensis Res Vanuatu (except Emae, Nguna, Emau, Efate, Erromango, Tanna, Aneityum).
P. m. feminina Res Vanuatu (Efate, Emae, Nguna, Emau).
P. m. soror Res Solomon Is (Banks Is).
P. m. cognata Res Vanuatu (Erromango).
P. m. similis Res Vanuatu (Tanna, Aneityum).
P. m. kleinschmidti Res Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu).
F: Viti Levu: common JT and Wailoku, Lonsdale; one at Colo-I-Suva Pk, Myers; 5 Nausori Hglds, Sargeant 1992.
P. m. taveunensis Res Fiji (Taveuni).
F: 5 transmitter rd, Sargeant 1992.
P. m. becki Res Fiji (Kadavu).
F: one seen Vunisea, Clarke.
P. m. pusilla Res Samoa (Savaii, Upolu).
F: Upolu: Mt Vaea, Vaisigano, Lonsdale; Savaii: fairly common high altitude wet forest, Reed 1979.
P. m. multicolor Res Norfolk I.
F: NINP, declined since 1978, Hermes et al; pop 800 at NINP 1987-89 (Notornis 46:363); 8 on Mt Pitt track, Duranti; 1-6 per day, only at NINP, Clarke; 4 found in 3 locations in one week-seriously declining? Dec 2001, Hobcroft; widespread once call known, best spot saddle between Mts Bates and Pitt, Ewin 2005.
P. macrocephala New Zealand Tomtit
Holdaway et al (2001) raised most taxa usually considered subspecies to species level, as 4 species: the distinctive Auckland Is and Snares Is Tomtits, M. toitoi White-breasted Tomtit of NI, and SI and Chatham Is birds as subspecies of P. macrocephala Yellow-breasted Tomtit. Genetic studies by Miller and Lambert (2006), however, indicated recent radiation of macrocephala.
P. m. toitoi Res NZ (NI).
P. m. macrocephala Res NZ (SI, Stewart I, Solander I).
P. m. chathamensis Res Chatham Is (Pitt I 500 inds, Mangere I 70-100 inds, South East I 200-300 inds, Little Mangere I <10 inds, Powlesland et al 2001; extirpated Chatham I.
P. m. marrineri Res Auckland Is.
P. m. dannefaerdi Res Snares Is 500+ prs (Miskelly et al 2001).
P. traversi Chatham Island Black Robin
Genetic studies by Miller and Lambert (2006) suggested this species is closer to P. macrocephala than P. longipes or P. australis.
Res Chatham Is (Little Mangere I 259 inds in 1999; extirpated Chatham I, Pitt I, Mangere I; reint Mangere I, Pitt I 2002 (failed) and 2004, 20 juveniles, Aikman And Miskelly 2004).
P. australis South Island Robin
Holdaway et al (2001) considered longipes and australis specifically distinct, as did genetic studies by Miller and Lambert (2006).
P. a. australis Res NZ (SI).
P. a. rakiura Res NZ (Stewart I).
P. longipes North Island Robin
Res NZ (NI).


PARIDAE (1 species)

Poecile varius Varied Tit
P. v. varius? Int Hawaiian Is (Kauai, Oahu; now extirpated).


ALAUDIDAE (2 species)

Calandrella brachydactyla Greater Short-toed Lark
Often considered conspecific with C. cinerea.
C. b. dukhunensis? Acc s Izu Is (Apr Torishima).
Alauda arvensis Sky Lark
A. a. pekinensis Acc Hawaiian Is (Kure Oct 1963, Nov and Dec reports Midway unsubstantiated, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Johnson Atoll (Pyle and Pyle 2009). A. a. arvensis Int Hawaiian Is (SE Is, some showing influence of japonica; one French Frigate Shoals Oct 1991 poss this subsp from SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009), NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is. Cas Lord Howe I (3 recs, Jun-Sep, prob from NZ, McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Veitch et al 2004), Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc Auckland Is, Nov Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002).
F: Hawaiian Is (Hawaii: Keanakolu Rd, Lindsay; grasslands towards Ka Lae, Faike).


HIRUNDINIDAE (13 species)

Riparia riparia Sand Martin (Bank Swallow)
R. r. subsp? Cas Clipperton I, Cocos I (Apr, Dean and Montoya 2005), Galapagos Is (Espanola, Genovesa, San Cristobal).
Tachycineta bicolor Tree Swallow
Acc Clipperton I.
Progne subis Purple Martin
P. s. subsp? Cas Clipperton I, Cocos I, Galapagos Is (Espanola, Santa Cruz).
P. modesta Galapagos Martin
Sometimes considered conspecific with P. murphyi Peruvian Martin and P. elegans Southern Martin.
Res Galapagos Is (except Culpepper, Wenman, Marchena, Pinta, Rabida, Genovesa).
Stelgidopteryx serripennis Northern Rough-winged Swallow
S. s. subsp? Acc Guadelupe I, Revillagigedos Is (Apr Socorro, Jehl and Parkes 1982; Clarion, Wanless et al 2009).
Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow
H. r. erythrogaster Cas Revillagigedo Is (Clarion, San Benedicto, Brattstrom and Howell 1956), Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003), Galapagos Is (Santa Maria, Espanola, San Cristobal, Santa Cruz). Acc Hawaiian Is (Hawaii Jan 1964, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
H. r. gutturalis Vis Sep-May s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is, Palau, Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Pohnpei); Marshall Is (Pyle and Pyle 2009). Acc Hawaiian Is (Midway Mar 1965, reports Midway Sep and Mar not identified to subspecies, nor was one Kure Sep 1964, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Palau: Dec, de Vries; common throughout, absent short period in summer; usually a few at Koror dump, Engbring 1988; seen low nos Koror Feb, S. Smith. Caroline Is (Truk: seen low nos over Weno Feb, S. Smith.
H. tahitica Pacific Swallow
H. t. subfusca Res Solomon Is (incl Nissan, Hadden 2004b, Buka, Bougainville, and Santa Cruz Is), Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Loyalty Is (Ouvea <10 prs, Barre and Dutson 2000), Fiji, Tonga (Eua, Vavau, Tongatapu, Nomuka Group, Tofua). Vis New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is: Lifou, Mare, ?Walpole, Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: Solomon Is: fairly common, seen all islands except Rennell, Richards. Fiji: seen most days Viti Levu, Taveuni, Kadavu, Myers. Vanuatu: common Santo and Efate, usually on wires, Ewin.
H. t. tahitica Res Society Is (Tahiti, Moorea).
F: Moorea: very rare, Thibault et al 1975. Tahiti: widespread along rivers, Thibault et al 1975.
H. neoxena Welcome Swallow
Sometimes treated as a subspecies of H. tahitica.
H. n. neoxena Res Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I (also many migrants, Christian 2005), NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is (Chatham, breeding since 1976, Aikman and Miskelly 2004). Vis Apr-Oct, mostly Apr-Jul New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003). Cas Kermadec Is, Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc May Macquarie I (N. Milius).
F: Norfolk I: 5-20 per day May, R. Clarke.
Delichon dasypus Asian House-Martin
Although David and Gosselin (2002b) established that Delichon is neuter, dasypus is invariable.
Cas Aug-Dec Palau.
F: Palau (Angaur: seen Dec, de Vries).
Cecropis daurica Red-rumped Swallow
Sometimes included in Hirundo.
C. d. daurica? Acc Solomon Is (Mar Bougainville, Mayr and Diamond 2001; Hadden 2004a).
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota American Cliff Swallow
P. p. subsp? Cas Galapagos Is ("only a few records" Swash and Still 2005), Cocos I Apr (Dean and Montoya 2005). Acc Hawaiian Is (French Frigate Shoals Oct-Nov 1991, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Clipperton I.
P. nigricans Tree Martin
Sometimes included in Hirundo.
P. n. nigricans Vis Apr-Dec Solomon Is (Apr and Sep Nissan, Tarburton 2006, Hadden 2004b; Jun-Dec Bougainville, Hadden 2004a; Malaita; Guadalcanal, Dutson 2001; Rennell, Filardi et al 1999). Cas Nov-Apr NZ (NI, SI), Dec-Apr and Aug Lord Howe I (5 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Aug-Feb Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc Dec Caroline Is (Chuuk-Satawan Atoll, Buden 2006); Sep New Caledonia (Barre and Bachy 2003), Dec Norfolk I (Hobcroft), ?Kermadec Is (Sep Raoul, Veitch et al 2004), Nov Chatham Is (O'Donnell and West 1990).
P. ariel Fairy Martin
Sometimes included in Hirundo.
Cas Jan-Oct Lord Howe I (7 recs, McAllan et al 2004; one May 2006, Mustoe), NZ (NI,SI; Nov Snares Is, Southern Bird #23,27). Acc Dec Norfolk I (Hobcroft).


ACROCEPHALIDAE (14 species)

Separation of this family and the next 4 from Sylviidae was discussed by Christidis and Boles (2008).

Acrocephalus arundinaceus Great Reed-Warbler
Acc (this sp? listed as hypo by Engbring 1988) Palau.
A. orientalis Oriental Reed-Warbler
Considered by some a subspecies of A. arundinaceus.
Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Acc Palau (photo, Pratt and Etpison 2008, Wiles et al 2000). Hypo Caroline Is (Feb Yap, Wiles et al 2000).
A. stentoreus Clamorous Reed-Warbler
Mayr and Diamond (2001) include the Solomon Is taxa in sumbae within A. stentoreus. Dickinson (2003) notes, however, that sumbae may not be monophyletic. Clements (2000) separated Solomon Is taxa as toxopei within A. australis. Here, toxopei is recognized but retained in A. stentoreus.
A. s. toxopei Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel, Mbanika, Gijunabena Is near Santa Isabel).
F: Bougainville: many heard, one seen Kieta, Gregory.
A. australis Australian Reed-Warbler
Often considered conspecific with A. stentoreus Clamorous Reed-Warbler.
A. a. subsp., presumably Australian carterae, gouldi, or australis. Acc NZ (Nov SI).
A. luscinius Nightingale Reed-Warbler
Use of luscinius, an invariable noun, rather than luscinia is discussed by David and Gosselin (2002a). Pratt et al (1987) separated syrinx and rehsei as species, but basis has not been published (Dickinson 2003).
A. l. luscinius (includes nijoi) Res Mariana Is (Saipan 4225 inds, Alamagan 346 inds, Agiguan 1-6 inds, Mosher and Fancy 2002; extirp Guam, Pagan, Reichel and Glass 1991).
F: Saipan: decreased in numbers 2002, prob habitat reduction; has large territories, about 1 hectare, R. David; 1 near water tank, Talbot; 1 Marpi Forest, S. Smith.
A. l. yamashinae Extinct? Res Mariana Is (Pagan).
A. l. syrinx Res Caroline Is (Yap: Woleai Atoll, Lamotrek Atoll, Baker 1951, Truk, Pohnpei, extirpated Kosrae?).
F: Pohnpei: 1-2 each day grass, scrub, forest canopy, Lonsdale; 1 at Kolonia, S. Smith; Etscheit grasslands, Watson. Truk: 1-2 Weno, Tol South, S. Smith.
A. l. rehsei Res Nauru (5000 inds, Buden 2008).
A. familiaris Millerbird
Pratt (in Moore et al 2001) discussed these taxa; there is some evidence in favor of their status as separate species.
A. f. kingi Res Hawaiian Is (Nihoa 814 inds, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
A. f. familiaris Extinct. Res formerly Hawaiian Is (Laysan).
A. aequinoctialis Bokikokiko
A. a. aequinoctialis Res Kiribati (Kiritimati).
A. a. pistor Res Kiribati (Tabueran, Teraina).
A. caffer Tahiti Reed-Warbler
This and the next two species are treated as distinct by some authors, although full evidence for doing so has not been published (Dickinson 2003). For clarity and consistency with the treatment of the four species A. vaughanii through A. taiti (below), we follow the treatment in Pratt et al (1987).
A. c. caffer Res Society Is (Tahiti).
F: most in Papenoo valley, Thibault et al 1975.
A. c. garretti Extinct. Res Society Is (Huahine).
A. c. longirostris Res Society Is (Moorea).
F: very rare, Thibault et al 1975.
A. mendanae Marquesas Reed-Warbler
A. m. percernis Res Marquesas Is (Nuku Hiva).
A. m. mendanae Res Marquesas Is (Hiva Oa, Tahuata).
A. m. consobrinus Res Marquesas Is (Motane).
A. m. fatuhivae Res Marquesas Is (Fatu Hiva).
A. m. idae Res Marquesas Is (Ua Huka).
A. m. dido Res Marquesas Is (Ua Pou).
A. m. aquilonis Res Marquesas Is (Eiao).
F: endangered, Chester et al 1998.
A. m. postremus Res Marquesas Is (Hatutu).
F: rare, Chester et al 1998.
A. atyphus Tuamotu Reed-Warbler
A. a. atyphus Res nw Tuamotu Is.
A. a. ravus Res se Tuamotu Is.
A. a. palmarum Res Tuamotu Is (Anaa).
A. a. niauensis Res Tuamotu Is (Niau).
A. a. eremus Res Tuamotu Is (Makatea).
A. a. flavidus Res Tuamotu Is (Napuka).
A. kerearako Cook Islands Reed-Warbler
A. k. kerearako Res Cook Is (Mangaia).
A. k. kaoko Res Cook Is (Mitiaro).
A. vaughanii Pitcairn Reed-Warbler
This and the next two taxa are closely-related (Graves 1992).
Res Pitcairn Is (Pitcairn).
A. rimitarae Rimatara Reed-Warbler
Res Tubuai Is (Rimatara; at most 2567 inds, Thibault and Cibois 2006).
A. taiti Henderson Island Reed-Warbler
Res Pitcairn Is (Henderson).


LOCUSTELLIDAE (7 species)

The family name Megaluridae is replaced by Locustellidae, as recommended by the British Ornithologists' Union (Boyd).

Bowdleria punctata Fernbird
OSNZ (1990) is followed here in using Bowdleria rather than Megalurus; anatomical differences separate the genera (Olson 1990).
B. p. vealeae Res NZ (NI).
B. p. punctata Res NZ (SI).
B. p. stewartiana Res NZ (Stewart I and outliers except Codfish I).
B. p. wilsoni Res NZ (Codfish I).
B. caudata Snares Island Fernbird
This taxon and the next are "quite distinct" from B. punctata (Worthy and Holdaway 2002).
Res Snares Is 1500 prs (Miskelly et al 2001).
B. rufescens Chatham Islands Fernbird
Extinct. Res formerly Chatham Is (Chatham, Pitt, Mangere).
Locustella lanceolata Lanceolated Warbler
L. l. subsp.? Acc Palau (Pratt and Etpison 2008).
Megalurulus mariei New Caledonia Grassbird
Mayr and Diamond (2001) use the generic name Cichlornis for this and the next two species; the three are sometimes considered conspecific.
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre).
F: directions Wheatley misleading; landslip area 20 min from auberge along track to summit (not "a few km up the Pt de Vue trail"); cross rope and wire-supported bridge over gully then soon grass and ferns of landslip; however col to radio mast is closer, one heard there (answered tape) in shallow valley in centre of open area before getting to concrete road and radio masts; bird was just behind seat along track in grassy-shrub area (Gregory). Seen furtively carrying grass in river reedbeds Dec in Havaatz area (Stokes 1980). Two along Transversal Road from between Touho and Poindimie to Kone, about 12 km from eastern end (Klauber).
M. whitneyi Vanuatu (Guadalcanal) Thicketbird
M. w. whitneyi Res Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo).
M. w. turipavae Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
M. llaneae Bougainville Thicketbird
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
F: Discovered 1979 Crown Prince Range at 1500m (Hadden 1981,1983); presumed imm this sp collected 1500m near Arawa (Gregory); prob moderately common at higher altitudes (Hadden 2004a).
M. rufus Long-legged Warbler
Mayr and Diamond (2001) use the generic name Ortygocichla.
T. r. rufus Res Fiji (Viti Levu <250 inds, Masibalavu and Dutson 2006).
F: 4 specs 1890-1894 and unconfirmed sightings 1967, 1973, 1991- two seen west of Laselevu, which is near Monasavu Dam; likes dense fern-choked wet undergrowth. In 2003 Birdlife researchers found 12 prs, incl 9 prs along a 2 km stretch of stream with dense thickets of undergrowth, indicating locally high population densities at an altitude between 800-1000 m in the Wabu Forest Reserve near Mt Tomaniivi. Two of the pairs were seen with recently fledged juveniles. Engel and Dutson found several singing Nov 2004 near Monasavu Dam, along the road to the dam at a stream between telephone poles W-W 136 and 137. Permission needed from Fiji Electric Authority.
T. r. cluniei Res Fiji (Vanua Levu).
F: Described from a specimen collected 1973 on the southern slopes of the Dalanacau Mountains in west-central Vanua Levu (Kinsky 1975); unconfirmed sighting 1990s near Devo.


PYCNONOTIDAE (3 species)

Pycnonotus jocosus Red-whiskered Bulbul
P. j. emeria? Int Hawaiian Is (Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
P. cafer Red-vented Bulbul
P. c. bengalensis Int Hawaiian Is (Oahu), Marshall Is (Majuro, Trevor), Tonga (Nukualofa, Eua, Niuafoou, Tongatapu, Vavau), Tahiti, NZ (extirp? NI), Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni, Gau, Beqa, Wakaya, Wairiki, Waiyevo), Samoa (Savaii, Upolu, Tutuila), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Notornis 42:214; Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: Hawaiian Is (Oahu: airport, Lindsay). Samoa (Savaii: small nos up to 900 ft coast and villages, Reed 1979). Fiji (Viti Levu: abundant, Myers; Vanua Levu: at airstrip, T. Clarke). New Caledonia (f. common Noumea, T. Clarke).
Microscelis amaurotis Chestnut-eared Bulbul
Sometimes placed in genus Hypsipetes.
M. a. amaurotis Res s Izu Is (Torishima).
M. a. squamiceps Res Ogasawara Is (Mukojima, Chichijima, Hahajima).
M. a. magnirostris Res Iwo Is (Kita-iwojima, Iwojima).


CETTIIDAE (6 species)

The genus Cettia as usually constituted is polyphyletic, and Cettia itself is monotypic; Horeites is used for several species often included in Cettia (Boyd), and this is followed below.

Urosphena squameiceps Stub-tailed Bush-Warbler
Sometimes included in Cettia.
U. s. subsp.? Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima, Hahajima).
Horeites diphone Japanese Bush-Warbler
H. d. diphone Res s Izu Is (Torishima), Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is. Int (prob this subsp, Hawaiian Is (SE Is, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Oahu: easiest at Punamano Unit, Campbell NWR, Pratt 1993. Kauai: Keahua Arboretum, Pratt 1993; Hanalei NWR, Lindsay).
H. annae Palau Bush-Warbler
Res Palau (Babelduab to Peleliu).
F: common forests throughout, Engbring 1988; Angaur: seen, de Vries. Peleliu: up to 20 forest s of Wenty's Guest house, S. Smith.
H. parens Shade Warbler
Res Solomon Is (Makira).
F: common above Hauta, Richards.
H. haddeni Odedi
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, Hadden 2004a).
F: Steep gullies 700-1500m; often heard but rarely seen (Hadden 2004a).
H. ruficapillus Fiji Bush-Warbler
H. r. ruficapillus Res Fiji (Kadavu).
F: seen, Lonsdale; not uncommon, Myers.
H. r. badiceps Res Fiji (Viti Levu).
F: common Joske's Thumb and Wailoku, Lonsdale; best views Colo-I-Suva Pk, Myers.
H. r. castaneopterus Res Fiji (Vanua Levu).
H. r. funebris Res Fiji (Taveuni).
F: not uncommon, Myers.


PHYLLOSCOPIDAE (5 species)

Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-browed Warbler
P. i. inornatus Acc Ogasawara Is (Chichijima).
P. poliocephalus Island Leaf-Warbler
P. p. becki Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal, Malaita, Santa Isabel).
P. p. bougainvillei Res Solomon Is (Bougainville, ?Buka).
F: Buka: one possible, Anderson.
P. p. pallescens Res Solomon Is (Kolombangara).
F: Kolombangara: 4 near summit Mt Veve, Richards; 6+, Hornbuckle.
P. makirensis Makira Leaf-Warbler
Res Solomon Is (Makira).
F: fairly common above Hauta, Richards.
P. amoenus Kulambangra Leaf-Warbler
Res Solomon Is (Kolombangara).
F: 3 pairs at 1400-1600m, Hornbuckle.
P. borealis Arctic warbler
Acc Hawaiian Is (Kauai 13 Feb 2000- Melgar http://www.birdinghawaii.co.uk:80/XArcticWarbler2.htm).


ZOSTEROPIDAE (40 species)

Cibois (2003) has shown that this family is closely-related to the Timaliidae; Christidis and Boles (2008) merged the two as Timaliidae. The genera Rukia, Cleptornis, Apalopteron, and Megazosterops are currently considered basal to the remaining Zosterops (see Boyd for discussion).

Rukia ruki Truk White-eye
Res Caroline Is (Truk).
F: common at summit of Tol, also Polle, Onei, Pata, Pratt et al 1987; 3+ summit Mt Winipot, Talbot.
R. longirostra Long-billed White-eye
Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
F: seen each day in forest, mixed flocks with Z. cinereus, Lonsdale; 6 in fern forest 300m, Talbot; 2 at 350m fern forest, S. Smith.
Cleptornis marchei Golden White-eye
This and the next species previously placed in Meliphagidae, but recent studies show both correctly placed in Zosteropidae (Dickinson (2003).
Res Mariana Is (Saipan, Agiguan).
F: Saipan: 15 in forest near water tank Talbot; 20 Marpi Forest, S. Smith.
Apalopteron familiare Bonin Islands Honeyeater
A. f. familiare Extinct. Res Ogasawara Is (Mukoshima, Nakodojima).
A. f. hahasima Res Ogasawara Is (only survives on Hahajima, Brazil 2009).
Megazosterops palauensis Giant White-eye
Affinities uncertain (Pratt et al 1980; Dickinson 2003).
Res Palau (Peleliu, Ngeruktabl).
F: Peleliu: seen, de Vries; abund, Engbring 1988; up to 15 daily, Talbot, S. Smith.
Zosterops japonicus Japanese White-eye
Z. j. japonicus Vis s Izu Is (Torishima). Int Hawaiian Is (this subsp., Pyle and Pyle 2009; SE Is.), Johnston I.
F: Hawaiian Is (Kauai: Hanalei NWR, Lindsay).
Z. j. stejnegeri Res s Izu Is (Torishima). Populations on Ogasawara Is (Chichijima, Hahajima, Mukojima) are hybrids of stejnegeri and alani as a result of introductions (Brazil 1991).
Z. j. alani Res Iwo Is (Kita-iwojima, Iwojima).
Z. conspicillatus Mariana Islands Bridled White-eye
Genetic studies confirm Pratt et al (1987) in separating this and the next three species.
Z. c. saypani Res Mariana Is (Tinian, Saipan, Aguiguan).
F: Saipan: total 50, Talbot; up to 50 Marpi Forest, S. Smith. Tinian: up to 20 near airport, Talbot.
Z. c. conspicillatus Formerly res Mariana Is (extirp Guam, Reichel and Glass 1991).
Z. rotensis Rota Bridled White-eye
Res Mariana Is (Rota c1167 inds, Craig 1999).
F: restricted to Sabana Plateau, Craig 1999; 6 from road to top of mountain, Talbot.
Z. semperi Citrine (Caroline Islands) White-eye
Z. s. semperi Res Palau (Babelduab to MeCherchar, absent Peleliu and Angaur, Engbring 1988).
F: common shrubby areas, Engbring 1988; Peleliu: 3-4 s Wenty's, Talbot, S. Smith.
Z. s. owstoni Res Caroline Is (Truk).
F: 10 Mt Winipot, Tol South, Talbot; 4 Japanese Gun, Weno, S. Smith.
Z. c. takatsukasai Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
F: easy, Lonsdale; 5-6+ fern forest, S. Smith, Talbot.
Z. hypolais Plain (Yap) White-eye
Res Caroline Is (Yap).
F: 20 daily, S. Smith, Talbot.
Z. metcalfii Yellow-throated White-eye
Mayr and Diamond (2001) include exiguus in metcalfii.
Z. m. exiguus Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Shortland Is, Choiseul).
F: common Buka, Bougainville, Gregory.
Z. m. metcalfii Res Solomon Is (Santa Isabel incl Molakobi, Bates, and San Jorge).
F: Santa Isabel abundant Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001.
Z. m. floridanus Res Solomon Is (Florida, Tulaghi).
Z. griseotinctus Louisiades White-eye
Z. g. eichhorni Res Solomon Is (Nissan, Tarburton 2006).
F: Abundant Nissan, Hadden 2004b).
Z. rennellianus Rennell Island White-eye
This and the next six species constitute a superspecies (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
Res Solomon Is (Rennell).
F: 5 along road to L Tenggano, Richards.
Z. vellalavella Banded White-eye
David and Gosselin (2002b) indicate that vellalavella is invariable.
Res Solomon Is (Bagga=Mbava, Vella Lavella).
F: Vella Lavella: 6, Hornbuckle.
Z. luteirostris Splendid White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Ghizo).
F: about 10 seen near Gizo town, Richards.
Z. splendidus Ganongga White-eye
Sometimes treated as conspecific with Z.luteirostris.
Res Solomon Is (Ranongga).
F: 10, Hornbuckle.
Z. kulambangrae Solomon Islands White-eye
This and the next two species are sometimes treated as conspecific. Non-use of the name rendovae, a source of considerable confusion, is discussed by Dickinson (2003).
Res Solomon Is (Kulambangra, Vonavona, Kohingga, Vangunu, New Georgia, Nggatokae).
F: Kolombangara: several lower slopes Mt Veve, Richards); 5-10, Hornbuckle.
Z. paradoxus (=rendovae) Rendova White-Eye
Res Solomon Is (Rendova).
Z. tetiparius Tetipare White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Tetepare).
Z. murphyi Kulambangra Mountain White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Kolombangara).
F: common higher slopes Mt Veve, Richards; common above 500m, Hornbuckle.
Z. ugiensis Grey-throated White-eye
The specific name rendovae has been used for this species, but recent authors reject arguments for its use.
Z. u. ugiensis Res Solomon Is (Makira).
F: common above Hauta, Richards.
Z. u. oblitus Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
Z. hamlini Bougainville White-eye
Recent studies suggest this taxon is specifically distinct (Boyd; Moyle et al 2009).
Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
F: one collected 1500m (Gregory); common above 100m (Hadden 2004a).
Z. stresemanni Malaita White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Malaita).
F: common, Hornbuckle.
Z. sanctaecrucis Santa Cruz White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is except Vanikoro).
Z. gibbsi Vanikoro White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Vanikoro, Dutson 2008).
Z. samoensis Samoan White-eye
Res Samoa (Savaii).
F: seen only above 900m, rare, best count 6, Reed 1979; noisy flocks 15-20 not uncommon in Aug in upland forest canopy, Bellingham and Davis 1988; esp common high on Mt Silisili, Tarburton 2001.
Z. explorator Layard's White-eye
Res Fiji (Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni, Kadavu).
F: Kadavu: seen, Lonsdale. Viti Levu: Joske's Thumb and Wailoku, Lonsdale; forest, Myers; fairly common in forest, Sargeant 1992.
Z. flavifrons Yellow-fronted White-eye
Z. f. gauensis Res Vanuatu (Banks Is: Gaua).
Z. f. perplexus Res Vanuatu (Maewo, Ambae, Pentecost, Ambrym, Paama, Lopevi, Epi, Tongoa, Banks Is: Vanua Lava, Mere Lava).
Z. f. brevicauda David and Gosselin (2002b) note that brevicauda is invariable.
Res Vanuatu (Malo, Espiritu Santo).
F: Widespead Santo (Ewin).
Z. f. macgillivrayi Res Vanuatu (Malakula).
Z. f. efatensis Res Vanuatu (Nguna, Efate, Erromango).
F: Common Efate (Ewin).
Z. f. flavifrons Res Vanuatu (Tanna, Aniwa).
Z. f. majusculus Res Vanuatu (Aneityum).
Z. minutus Small Lifou White-eye
Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Lifou).
F: common, Quested.
Z. xanthochroa Green-backed White-eye
Use of xanthochroa rather than xanthochrous is discussed by David and Gosselin (2002a,b).
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is: ?Mare).
F: G. Terre: 4-30 daily PTRB, 15 Mt Koghi, Fairbank.
Z. lateralis Silver-eye
Z. l. lateralis This taxon was introduced to Lord Howe Island in 1924 (Long 1981), but was extirpated by the mid-1960s (Long 1981, Hutton 1991) with no evidence of interbreeding with endemic tephropleurus (McKean and Hindwood, in Long 1981 and Christidis and Boles 1994; McAllan et al 2004). Christidis and Boles afforded both taxa subspecific status within Z. lateralis until definitive studies on possible interbreeding are completed. Here, tephropleurus is listed separately, below, as a full species, based on the purported absence of interbreeding.
Res NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is, Snares Is 200 prs, Antipodes I, Auckland Is, Campbell I. Cas Kermadec Is (Aug-Sep, Veitch et al 2004). Acc Macquarie I (Tasmania PWS). Int Society Is (Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Bora Bora), Tubuai Is (Raivavae, Tubuai, Rurutu), Tuamotu Is (Makatea; in Shirihai 2002). Vis (this taxon?) Norfolk I (Hermes et al).
F: Norfolk I (pop 1400 NINP 1987-88, Notornis 46:363; very common throughout, most had rufous flanks like Tasmanian race, Duranti); "most common bird of the forest", Dooley; surprising to see Tasmanian race of this bird- common, Ewin.
Z. l. griseonota Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Ile de Pins).
David and Gosselin (2002b) note that griseonota is invariable.
F: PTRB and Mt Koghi (Quested). 4 in scrub near Yate poss this sp, Fairbank; f. common Gr Terre, but not as common as Green-backed, Clarke.
Z. l. nigrescens Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Mare, Ouvea).
Z. l. melanops Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Lifou).
F: common, Quested; nothing like Aust forms or those on Gr Terre- another sp?, Clarke.
Z. l. tropicus Res Vanuatu (Santo).
F: Commonest white-eye (Ewin).
Z. l. macmillani Res Vanuatu (Tanna, Aniwa).
Z. l. vatensis Res Vanuatu (s to Erromango, Banks Is except Motu Lava, Torres Is).
F: Common Efate (Ewin).
Z. l. valuensis Res Vanuatu (Banks Is: Motu Lava).
Z. l. flaviceps Res Fiji except Lau Arch.
F: Kadavu: seen, Lonsdale. Common Viti Levu, Taveuni, Kadavu, Myers.
Z. tephropleurus Lord Howe White-eye
Some authors consider this conspecific with Z. lateralis.
Res Lord Howe I 5000 inds.
F: seen, Quested, Bielewicz.
Z. tenuirostris Slender-billed White-eye
Res Norfolk I, pop 1400 NINP and 300-500 other sites, absent Philip I, 1987-88.
F: seen NINP and Rocky Point (Hundred Acres) Reserve, Hermes et al; uncommon, best at Hundred Acre Farm at Rocky Point, a few Mt Pitt track, Duranti; 10-40 per day, only in Nat Pk, Clarke.
Z. strenuus Robust White-eye
Considered by Schodde and Mason (1999) separate from tenuirostris only at the subspecific level, but behavioral and structural differences suggest otherwise (McAllan et al 2004).
Extinct. Formerly res Lord Howe I.
Z. albogularis White-chested White-eye
Res Norfolk I <20 inds?
F: Hard to find 1983-85 NINP, Hermes et al; a few at Bambora 1987-1994 and 2 near Mt Pitt 1991 (Notornis 46:364); not found in 32 hours searching in May, Clarke; "Most probably extinct" 2001, Dooley; 2-3 sightings 2001-2004, Horton.
Z. inornatus Large Lifou White-eye
Res New Caledonia (Loyalty Is: Lifou).
F: 2 birds in trees near 3 large electricity poles before the coconut grove to the left of the main airport road, Quested; 7+ betw turnoff to Nathalo and first coconut grove to left, Clarke; scarce and shy; one near Drehu, heard deep in forest, Gregory; tough, 100 yds to right after rd fork, Klauber.
Z. finschii Dusky White-eye
This and the next species sometimes treated as conspecific.
Res Palau (Babelduab to Peleliu).
F: abund forests and shrubs, Engbring 1988. Peleliu: 2-6 Koror and s of Wenty's, Talbot, S. Smith.
Z. cinereus Grey White-eye
Z. c. ponapensis Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
F: abundant and widespread, Lonsdale; lowlands, S. Smith, Talbot.
Z. c. cinereus Res Caroline Is (Kosrae).
Z. oleagineus Yap Olive White-eye
Sometimes included in Rukia, but DNA data indicate Zosterops is correct.
Res Caroline Is (Yap).
F: 1-2 Fanif Rd, Talbot, S. Smith.
Z. superciliosa Woodford's White-eye
This taxon and the next were formerly included in Woodfordia (see Boyd for discussion).
Res Solomon Is (Rennell).
F: common, Richards.
Z. lacertosa Sanford's White-eye
Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Nende).


LEIOTHRICHIDAE (4 species)

These species were formerly incuded in Timaliidae, but the latter has been shown to be polyphyletic. Use of Leiothrichidae was discussed by Boyd (http://jboyd.net/Taxo/List23.html).

Garrulax pectoralis Greater Necklaced Laughing-Thrush
G. p. picticollis? Int Hawaiian Is (Kauai).
F: Keahua Arboretum, Anahola Valley n of Kapaa, Haiku Rd alongside Huleia NWR, Pratt 1993.
G. caerulatus Gray-sided Laughing-Thrush
G. c. latifrons? Int Hawaiian Is (Oahu, likely extirpated ca 1980, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
G. canorus Melodious Laughing-Thrush (Hwamei)
G. c. canorus Int Hawaiian Is (Kauai, Maui, Hawaii, Oahu, Lanai, ?Molokai, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Kauai: easiest Koolau Rd, Haiku Rd, Pratt 1993.
Leiothrix lutea Red-billed Leiothrix
Early introductions of calipyga appear to have been swamped by lutea (pyle and Pyle 2009).
L. l. lutea Int Hawaiian Is (Molokai 1800 inds, Maui 19,800 inds, Hawaii 98,000 inds, Oahu; extirp ca. 1980 Kauai, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Maui: Kula village, Kula Botanical Gardens, Pratt 1993. Hawaii: Mauna Loa Rd, Kipuka Puaulu, Pratt 1993; Hakalau NWR, Lindsay).