RHYNOCHETIDAE (1 species)

Rhynochetos jubatus Kagu
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre).
F: New Caledonia (PTRB, Quested; up to 5 PTRB from 1 km before Grand Kaori Tree to camp site at river, Fairbank; "common" PTRB Oct-Nov, T. Clarke; readily seen near Grand Kaori and at start of Piste Pourina, Gregory).

PODARGIDAE (2 species)

Rigidipenna inexpectatus Solomon Islands Frogmouth
This taxon was formerly considered to be a subspecies of Podargus ocellatus, but recent studies (Cleere et al 2007) show it to belong to a distinct genus.
Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Choiseul, Isabel, Hadden 2004a, Cleere et al 2007).
F: Lowland forest (Hadden 1981). Rare Garanga R, Isabel (Kratter et al 2001).
Podargus papuensis Papuan Frogmouth
?Res Solomon Is (HANZAB, citing Beehler 1986; but not listed by Mayr and Diamond 2001).


EUROSTOPODIDAE (1 species)

Evidence for separation from Caprimulgidae is presented by Christidis and Boles (2008).

Eurostopodus mystacalis White-throated Nightjar
The taxa nigripennis and exul possibly separate species (HANZAB); calls of nigripennis differ markedly from those of nominate mysticalis.
E. m. nigripennis Res Solomon Is (?Bougainville, Hadden 2004a, Fauro, Vella Lavella, Ghizo, Vonavona, New Georgia, Vangunu, Nggatokae, Rendova, Tetepare, Kolombangara, Santa Isabel, Rennell).
F: Solomon Is (confined to coast, Diamond, fide Hadden 1981; Rennell: 11 birds flushed in headlights Jun prob this species, Filardi et al 1999).
E. m. exul Extinct? One spec New Caledonia 1939. If suggestion by Doughty (1999) correct, that this spec may have been vagrant from Aust, it would be E. m. mysticalis. Description of specimen by Mayr (1945) indicates differences from mysticalis, and spec was in egg-laying condition, suggesting non-migrant status (Ekstrom et al 2002).
F: Should be looked for on the edge of and within humid forests on northeast ranges of Grand Terre (Ekstrom et al 2002).


CAPRIMULGIDAE (5 species)

Chordeiles minor Common Nighthawk
C. m. subsp.? Cas Clipperton I, Galapagos Is. Acc Hawaiian Is (French Frigate Shoals Jul-Sep 1986, prob C.m. minor, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Cocos I (Montoya 2008).
C. acutipennis Lesser Nighthawk
C. a. subsp.? Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003), 300 NM sw of Clipperton Sep 2006 (M. Force).
Caprimulgus indicus Indian Jungle Nightjar
C. i. phalaena Res Palau.
F: Most in riverbottoms; all major islands but rare high limestone islands (Engbring 1988); just past airport on Palau (Klauber, D. Pratt).
C. jotaka Gray Nightjar
Recent work by Han et al (2010) indicates specific status for jotaka.
Vis Sep-Apr Palau. Cas s Izu Is, Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is.
C. macrurus Large-tailed Nightjar
C. m. schlegelii Res Bougainville (HANZAB).


AEGOTHELIDAE (1 species)

Aegotheles savesi New Caledonian Owlet-Nightjar
Genetic studies of this and other owlet-nightjars were carried out by Dumbacher et al (2003).
Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, ?Loyalty Is, Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: Rediscovered at 18.40 on 5 Nov 1998 at 800m in Riviere Ni Valley in western Massif de Kouakoui in Provence Sud; the only record in 2350 nocturnal field-hours over 6 months. Hawking insects in canopy of riverine forest. Could not be relocated, however. First record since 1880 (Tobias and Ekstrom 2002).


APODIDAE (14 species)

Aerodramus spodiopygius White-rumped Swiftlet
The separation of echo-locating taxa from Collocalia into Aerodramus was discussed by Christidis and Boles (1994) and followed by Mayr and Diamond (2001) based on DNA studies by Lee et al (1996).
A. s. reichenowi Res Solomon Is incl Buka and Bougainville, but not Rennell and Bellona.
F: Solomon Is (Kolombangara: 10 near Kukundu, Richards; Santa Isabel: rare Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001).
A. s. leucopygius Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is).
F: PTRB and Mt Koghi, Quested; Isle Pines: seen, Gregory; Loyalty Is (Lifou: seen, Clarke; common, Gregory).
A. s. desolatus Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is, incl Duff Is and Reef Is, see Dickinson 2003).
A. s. epiensis Res Vanuatu (Malo, Espiritu Santo; extirpated Ureparapara, Malakula, Ambrym, Epi, Emae, Efate, Bregulla 1992, Dickinson 2003).
F: Santo and Efate, not seen, apparently very rare, Ewin.
A. s. ingens Res Vanuatu (Formerly res, now extirpated, Erromango, Tanna, Aneityum, Bregulla 1992, Dickinson 2003).
A. s. assimilis Res Fiji except Lomaiviti, Wallis and Futuna.
F: Fiji (common all areas, Sargeant 1992).
A. s. townsendi Res Tonga (except Haapai but incl Niuafoou, Rinke 1986), Niue.
A. s. spodiopygius Res Samoa (Savaii, Upolu, Tutuila, Manua Is).
F: Samoa (Upolu: Mt Vaea, Vaisigano, Lonsdale; Savaii: abundant, Reed 1980; Tutuila, Lonsdale; much reduced Savaii and Upolu by cyclones 1990-91, Tarburton 2001).
A. vanikorensis Uniform Swiftlet
A. v. lugubris Res Solomon Is incl Nissan (Hadden 2004b), Nuguria (Hadden 2004b), Buka, Bougainville (Hadden 2004a).
F: Solomon Is (Guadalcanal: 1 Mt Austen, Richards; Rennell: common, Richards; Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001).
A. v. vanikorensis Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Nendo, Disappointment, Lomlom, Vanikoro), Vanuatu incl Banks Is. Acc New Caledonia (Barre and Dutson 2000).
F: Vanuatu (common Santo and Efate, Ewin).
A. bartschi Mariana Swiftlet
This species and the next sometimes included in A. vanikorensis (Dickinson 2003).
Res Mariana Is (Guam, Saipan, Agiguan, extirpated Tinian and Rota, Reichel and Glass 1991). Int Hawaiian Is (Oahu 50-100 inds, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Mariana Is (Saipan: markedly incr numbers in 2002 since 1990s, Reg David; 2 over Marpi Forest, Talbot); Hawaiian Is (Oahu: North Halawa Valley, Pratt 1993).
A. pelewensis Palau Swiftlet
Res Palau.
F: Palau (Peleliu: de Vries; abund throughout larger islands, Engbring 1988; up to 80 over Koror and Peleliu, S. Smith).
A. inquietus Caroline Swiftlet
A. i. rukensis Res Caroline Is (Truk, hypo Yap, Pyle and Engbring 1985).
F: Caroline Is (Truk: 20-50 daily over Weno, Tol South, Talbot, S. Smith).
A. i. ponapensis Res Caroline Is (Pohnpei).
F: Caroline Is (Pohnpei: 50-70 daily, Talbot, S. Smith; abundant and widespread, Lonsdale).
A. i. inquietus Res Caroline Is (Kosrae).
A. orientalis Mayr's Swiftlet
A. o. orientalis Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
A. o. subsp? Res Solomon Is (Bougainville).
F: Field ID difficult, only one spec each from Bougainville and Guadalcanal; birds at 2000m on Mt Balbi may have been this species (Hadden 2004a).
A. leucophaeus Tahiti Swiftlet
This and the next two taxa often treated as conspecific.
Res Society Is (Tahiti, Moorea).
F: Society Is (very rare, Thibault et al 1975).
A. sawtelli Atiu Swiftlet
Res Cook Is (Atiu several hundred inds 1973, Holyoak 1980; 150-200 nests 1987-95, McCormmack 2006).
F: Cook Is (Atiu; Anatakitaki=Kopeka Cave, and Anitupurangi cave).
A. ocistus Marquesas Swiftlet
A. o. ocistus Res Marquesas Is (Nuku Hiva, Ua Huka, Ua Pou).
F: Marquesas Is (common, Chester et al 1998).
A. o. gilliardi Res Marquesas Is (Tahuana, Fatu Hiva, Motane).
F: Marquesas Is (common, Chester et al 1998).
Collocalia esculenta Glossy (White-bellied) Swiftlet
C. e. spilogaster Res Solomon Is (Nissan, Pinipel, Tarburton 2006, Hadden 2004b).
C. e. tametamele Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville).
C. e. becki Res Solomon Is except Makira, Rennell, Bellona.
F: Solomon Is (common throughout, Richards; Santa Isabel: this subsp? common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001).
C. e. makirensis Res Solomon Is (Makira, Ugi Is, Three Sisters Is).
F: Solomon Is (common, Richards).
C. e. desiderata Res Solomon Is (Rennell, Bellona).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: common, Richards).
C. e. uropygialis Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Vanikoro, Utupua), Vanuatu incl Banks Is and Torres Is.
F: Vanuatu (common Santo and Efate, Ewin).
C. e. albidior Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is).
F: New Caledonia (f. common Gr. Terre, Clarke).
Hirundapus caudacutus White-throated Needletail
H. c. caudacutus Cas Oct-Apr Vanuatu, New Caledonia (but Dec 2000 sighting said to be first for New Caledonia, Barre and Bachy 2003), Melanesia (not listed Solomon Is by Mayr and Diamond 2001), Oct-Jan Lord Howe I (6 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, NI, SI, Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc Palau (Apr Peleliu, Klauber); Mariana Is (Nov Guam, Wiles et al 2000), Fiji (Sep Vatulele, Nov Makogai), NZ (Chatham I Nov, Wilson), Jan-Feb (1-5) Macquarie I (R. Clarke), Campbell I.
Chaetura pelagica Chimney Swift
Acc Galapagos Is.
Chaetura sp? Acc Guadalupe I, Revillagigedo Is.
Aeronautes saxatilis White-throated Swift
A. s. saxatilis Extirpated Guadalupe I.
Apus pacificus Fork-tailed Swift
A. p. pacificus Cas, mostly Oct-Nov but Apr Guam, Mariana Is (Wiles et al 2000), Marshall Is (Oct-Nov 1982 Kwajalein, Pyle and Pyle 2009), Hawaiian Is (Sep 1995, Apr 1999 Midway, Pyle and Pyle 2009), NI, SI. Acc Solomon Is (Dec New Georgia, Gregory; Jan Bougainville, Hadden 2004a), Nov Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Jan Norfolk I, Dec Macquarie I, Jan Chatham Is (Pitt, Rangatira).


HEMIPROCNIDAE (1 species)

Hemiprocne mystacea Moustached Tree-Swift
H. m. woodfordiana Res Solomon Is (incl Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Rennell, but not the following: Florida Is, Savo, Mono, Makira incl Ulawa, Ramos and Gower off Ndai).
F: Fairly common all islands (Richards).
H. m. carbonaria Res Solomon Is (Makira incl Ulawa, Ramos and Gower off Ndai).


TROCHILIDAE (3 species)

Sephanoides fernandensis Juan Fernandez Firecrown
S. f. fernandez Res Juan Fernandez Is (Mas Atierra).
S. f. leyboldi Res Juan Fernandez Is (Mas Afuera).
S. sephaniodes Green-backed Firecrown
"sephaniodes" appears to be original spelling of specific epithet (see Penhallurick).
Res Juan Fernandez Is.
Calypte anna Anna's Hummingbird
Res Guadelupe I.


CUCULIDAE (20 species)

Clamator coromandus Chestnut-winged-Cuckoo
Acc Palau (1967, Pratt and Etpison 2008).
Hierococcyx hyperythrus Northern Hawk-Cuckoo
This species sometimes considered a subspecies of H. fugax Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo; the hawk-cuckoos are sometimes included in Cuculus.
Acc Palau (this taxon, Pratt and Etpison 2008).
Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo
C. c. canorus (incl telephonus) Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Palau (Pratt and Etpison 2008). Acc Hawaiian Is (Midway May 1997, Scott et al 2001; prob C.c. telephonus, but cannot eliminate optatus, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
C. optatus (= horsfieldii, see HANZAB) Oriental Cuckoo
Formerly considered part of C. saturatus Himalayan Cuckoo, which occurs to west of optatus. Measurements of several specimens of presumed C. optatus from Australia yield smaller birds which may be C. saturatus, but this is inconclusive at this point (HANZAB). There appear to be no documented records of C. saturatus in the Pacific Region.
Vis Nov-Jun Palau, Mariana Is (Pratt et al 1987, AOU 1998), Caroline Is (Yap; Pohnpei, Wiles 2005). Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Solomon Is (Buka, Nov Nukumanu, Apr Bougainville-Gregory, Oct Choiseul-Diamond, Hadden 2004a), Dec-May Lord Howe I (2 recs, McAllan et al 2004), Oct- Feb Norfolk I, NZ (NI, SI), Dec Snares Is.
F: Palau (a few each winter, uncommon, Engbring 1988).
C. poliocephalus Little Cuckoo
Cas Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is.
C. pallidus Pallid Cuckoo
This species may be generically distinct from Cuculus (Christidis and Boles 2008).
Cas Norfolk I, NZ (NI, SI). Acc Aug-Sep Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Sep Macquarie I (HANZAB).
Cacomantis variolosus Brush Cuckoo
Plumage and calls of addendus differ from those of other subsp (HANZAB).
C. v. addendus Res Solomon Is except Rennell. Acc Nov Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
F: Solomon Is (Guadalcanal: several heard Mt Austen, Richards. Makira: several heard around Hauta, Richards). Santa Isabel: rare Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001).
C. v. subsp? Acc Palau (Jun 1978, Pratt and Etpison 2008).
C. flabelliformis Fan-tailed Cuckoo
Precedence of flabelliformis over pyrrhophanus is discussed by Christidis and Boles (1994). C. f. pyrrhophanus includes meeki, sometimes used for birds occurring in the Solomon Is, although these are doubtfully separable and it is currently thought that these are wintering individuals of nominate C. f. pyrrhophanus of New Caledonia (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
C. f. pyrrhophanus Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is; Barre and Dutson 2000 suggest migratory, most common Sep-Mar). Cas Solomon Is (Apr-Oct Santa Isabel, Guadalcanal, Bellona, Rennell). Acc NZ (Jun-Dec SI), Feb and May Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004).
F: New Caledonia (PTRB, Mt Koghi, Quested; "quite unlike Aust or PNG birds", Gregory); Solomon Is (Kolombangara: 3 Camp Professor Jul, Richards).
C. f. schistaceigularis Res Vanuatu incl Banks Is (Gaua, Valua).
C. f. simus Res Fiji (Viti Levu, Ovalau, Kadavu, Taveuni and nearby islands).
Chalcites lucidus Shining Cuckoo
Christidis and Boles (2008) separated Austro-Papuan Chalcites from African Chrysococcyx on genetic grounds.
C. l. lucidus Breeds Norfolk I, NZ (fewest Mar-Sep; NI, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is. Vis Nov-Jun, most Feb Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), Norfolk I, Kermadec Is, Mar-Sep Solomon Is (Hadden 2004a) incl Nissan and atolls north of Bougainville (Hadden 2004b). Cas Oct-Jan Snares Is (Miskelly et al 2001). Acc Nov Macquarie I (HANZAB), Nov Auckland Is, May Vanuatu (Efate, Bregulla 1992), Jul-Nov New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is, HANZAB, Barre and Dutson 2000), Caroline Is (Kapingamarangi I, Buden 1998).
F: Solomon Is (Santa Isabel: unc Garanga R Jun-Jul, Kratter et al 2001).
C. l. plagosus Cas Apr-Nov Solomon Is (HANZAB) incl Nuguria (Tarburton 2006).
C. l. layardi ( incl aeneus) Res Solomon Is (Santa Cruz Is: Utupua), New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is), Vanuatu incl Banks Is (Gaua, Vanua Lava).
F: New Caledonia (PTRB, Mt Koghi, Quested; PTRB, Gregory). Loyalty Is (Lifou: Nov, Quested; Dec, Gregory).
C. l. harterti This subspecies is quite distinctive (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
Res Solomon Is (Rennell, Bellona).
C. l. subsp? (migrant lucidus or res harterti)
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: 10 on road to L Tenggano Jun, Richards).
Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian (Common) Koel
David and Gosselin (2002b) established that Eudynamys is masculine. Taxonomy of scolopaceus and cyanocephalus is not settled, although females are fairly distinct; narrow species limits may be advisable based on brood parasitism and the differences between females (Gregory). E. s. alberti is quite distinctive (Mayr and Diamond 2001), and may be more correctly placed with cyanocephalus (=orientalis, see below; Christidis and Boles 2008).
E. s. alberti Res Solomon Is except Rennell.
F: This sp? Heard track to Tenaroo Falls, Guadalcanal, around Hauta, Makira Jun (Richards). Unc Garanga R, Isabel (spec; Kratter et al 2001).
E. orientalis Australian Koel
Christidis and Boles (2008) noted that orientalis has precedence over cyanocephalus .
E. o. subcyanocephalus ?Vis Solomon Is Mar-Nov.
F: 1 heard Mt Austen and Isabel-Tirotongna Jun (Hornbuckle 1999).
E. o. subsp. Acc Nov Lord Howe I (McAllan et al 2004), NZ (Mar SI, Medway 2000). Listed (Medway 2000) as E. scolopaceus, but orientalis seems more likely if orientalis is considered specifically distinct from scolopaceus.
Urodynamis taitensis Long-tailed Koel (Cuckoo)
This species is currently considered distinctive at the generic level (Dickinson 2003, Christidis and Boles 2008).
Breeds Sep-Apr NI, SI, Stewart I. Vis Apr-Oct Caroline Is, Marshall Is (Spennemann and Benjamin 2004), Kiribati, Nauru (Buden 2008), Solomon Is incl Nissan and atolls north of Bougainville (Hadden 2004b; year-old birds do not return to NZ to breed and remain in Solomons, Hadden 2004a), Vanuatu, Kermadec Is (a few all year, Veitch et al 2004), Fiji, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna, Samoa, Niue, Tonga, Cook Is most Mar-Aug (Holyoak 1980), Society Is mostly Jun-Sep, Marquesas Is, Tuamotu Is, Gambier Is, Pitcairn Is. Cas migrant New Caledonia (Barre and Dutson 2000), Lord Howe I (5 recs incl Jan-Feb, McAllan et al 2004), Jan, Mar, and Oct Norfolk I. Acc Mariana Is (Jun Guam, Jul Sarigan, Wiles et al 2000), Palau (Pratt and Etpison 2008), Sep-Mar Chatham Is (Miskelly et al 2006), Snares Is, Auckland Is. Hypo Nov Antipodes Is (Tennyson et al 2002).
F: 2 seen Aug Savaii, silent (Reed 1980). One Kiribati Jul (Child 1982).
Scythrops novaehollandiae Channel-billed Cuckoo
Mayr and Diamond (2001) suggest that "the great majority" of birds occurring in the Solomon Is are wintering Australian birds.
S. n. novaehollandiae? Cas Solomon Is (Savo, Simbo, Rennell, Mayr and Diamond 2001). Acc Jun New Caledonia (Hindwood 1953, Barre and Bachy 2003), Nov Norfolk I (McAllan et al 2004), Oct-Jan NI, Dec SI.
Coccyzus erythropthalmus Black-billed Cuckoo
Acc Galapagos Is (Espanola 1970, Swash and Still 2005).
C. americanus Yellow-billed Cuckoo
C. a. subsp? Acc Hawaiian Is (Laysan Nov 1994, Scott et al 2001; Pyle and Pyle 2009), Clipperton I.
C. ferrugineus Cocos Cuckoo
Res Cocos I.
C. melacoryphus Dark-billed Cuckoo
Res Galapagos Is. Acc Aug Clipperton I.
F: 6 Floreana and Santa Cruz, near Darwin Station (Chartier).
C. sp.? Acc Revillagigedos Is (sp undetermined, thought to be C. minor Mangrove Cuckoo, Wanless et al 2009).
Centropus milo Buff-headed Coucal
The two subspecies are quite distinctive (Mayr and Diamond 2001).
C. m. albidiventris Res Solomon Is (Vella Lavella, Bagga, Ganongga, Simbo, Kolombangara, Ghizo, Kohingga, New Georgia, Vangunu, Nggatokae, Rendova, Tetepare).
F: Solomon Is (Ghizo: several near Gizo, Richards; Kolombangara: 2 near Iriri, Richards; Vangunu: Lagoon Lodge, Talbot).
C. m. milo Res Solomon Is (Florida Is incl Buena Vista, Guadalcanal).
F: Several Mt Austen and track to Tenaroo Falls, Guadalcanal (Richards).
Crotophaga ani Smooth-billed Ani
Int Galapagos Is (Isabela, Santa Cruz, Santa Maria, San Salvador). Acc Cocos I (Easley and Montoya 2006).
F: fairly common most islands (Chartier).
C. sulcirostris Groove-billed Ani
Acc Socorro I, Galapagos Is (int? status uncertain, Swash and Still 2005).

GRUIDAE (2 species)

Grus rubicunda Brolga
Acc NZ (Mar-May NI, Jan SI).
G. canadensis Sandhill Crane
G. c. canadensis Acc Hawaiian Is (Oct 1933 Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009).


RALLIDAE (48 species)

Rallina fasciata Red-legged Crake
Acc Palau (Engbring 1988, Taylor 1998, Baker 1951).
R. eurizonoides Slaty-legged Crake
R. e. eurizonoides Res Palau (all islands Babeldaob to Angaur, Engbring 1988).
F: Palau (dense cover near humans, damp areas in forests, sometimes calls from trees, Engbring 1988; taped out on Pacific Resort nature trail, Klauber, D. Pratt).
Laterallus albigularis White-throated Crake
Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
L. spilonotus Galapagos Rail
Res Galapagos Is (Pinta, Isabela, Fernandina, Santiago, Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, Floreana).
Nesoclopeus woodfordi Woodford's Rail
N. w. tertius Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville,Hadden 2004a).
F: Solomon Is (Bougainville: common eastern lowlands, Hadden 2002, 2004).
N. w. immaculatus Res Solomon Is (Santa Isabel).
F: Solomon Is (Santa Isabel: common along Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001).
N. w. woodfordi Extinct? Res Solomon Is (Guadalcanal).
N. w. subsp? Res? Solomon Is (Choiseul: Taylor 1998; New Georgia Is: Blaber 1990; Kolombangara: Hadden 2002; Malaita: Hadden 2002).
N. poecilopterus Barred-winged Rail
Sometimes considered conspecific with N. woodfordi as N. poecilopterus Barred-winged Rail.
Extinct? Res Fiji (formerly Viti Levu, Ovalau, Taveuni).
Gallirallus australis Weka
Total population 25,000-100,000 (Taylor 1998).
G. a. greyi Res NZ (NI 650 inds, now restricted to East Cape, Forest and Bird, Aug 2000). Int Kapiti I (where pop mixed greyi and australis), Mokoia I 100 inds, Rakitu I 135 inds, Kawau I 3700 inds, Pakatoa I 80 inds, Whanganui I 28-40 inds .
G. a. australis Res NZ (n and w SI). Int Kapiti I, Chatham Is.
G. a. hectori DNA studies indicate this is a color phase of G. a. australis. Res formerly e SI, now extirpated. Int Chatham Is (Chatham I 38,000-58,000 inds, Pitt I); re-int 2005 SI (14 inds, Christchurch area).
G. a. scotti Res NZ (Stewart Is. Int Solander Is, Kapiti I), Macquarie I (extirpated by 1988).
G. lefresnayanus New Caledonian Rail
Extinct? Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre).
F: New Caledonia (may still exist in small numbers, Stokes 1980; none found 1998, most likely in steep mountain areas that still have Kagu, Ekstrom et al 2002).
G. sylvestris Lord Howe Rail
Includes G. conditicius Gilbert Rail, the single specimen probably an immature of this species (Taylor 1998).
Res Lord Howe I 250 inds (2005, Gregory).
F: Lord Howe I (readily seen, Quested; seen Kentia Palm-banyan habitat Little Island area of Mt Lidgbird, attracted by clapping, Bielewicz; ripping up grass on golfcourse, Jordan; grove of palms just before Little I, Walker).
G. pacificus Tahiti Rail
Extinct. Res formerly Society Is (Tahiti, Mehetia).
G. philippensis Buff-banded Rail
G. p. pelewensis Res Palau.
F: Palau (seen Peleliu and Angaur, de Vries; throughout except high limestone islands, abund Peleliu and Angaur, Engbring 1988).
G. p. christophori Res Solomon Is (?Florida, Guadalcanal, Russell Is: Mbanika, Malaita, Makira, Ugi Is, Three Sisters Is, Santa Ana, Santa Catalina, Santa Cruz Is: Nendo, Dutson 2001, Mayr and Diamond 2001).
F: Solomon Is (Makira: common morning and evening road east of Kirakira, Richards; 2-5 lowlands, Hornbuckle 1999); Guadalcanal: 1+ Mt Austen, Hornbuckle 1999).
G. p. sethsmithi Res Vanuatu, Fiji except Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, Rotuma, Tuvalu (this subsp? Watling 2001).
F: Vanuatu (common Efate, Santo, Ewin); Fiji (Kadavu: only place seen, T. Clarke).
G. p. swindellsi Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is).
F: New Caledonia (PTRB, Mt Koghi, Quested), Loyalty Is (Lifou, Quested).
G. p. goodsoni Res Samoa, Niue (Schodde and de Naurois 1982).
F: Samoa (Mt Vaea, Vaisigano, Lonsdale; Savaii: in open, Reed 1980).
G. p. ecaudatus (=forsteri) Res Tonga (incl Niuafoou, Rinke 1986), Wallis and Futuna (Taylor 1998).
G. p. mellori (incl norfolkensis; Res Lord Howe I; ?Norfolk I, where only one breeding record 1910 mostly thought to be visitors from Australia, Dickinson 2003, Christian 2005). This subsp.? extirp Kermadec Is (Raoul, Veitch et al 2004).
F: Lord Howe I (seen, Quested, Bielewicz; common Mar incl chick, Gregory). Norfolk I (heard Cockpit Feb, Moore 1999).
G. p. tounelieri Res New Caledonia Coral Sea Is (Chesterfield Is, Willis Is, Surprise Is, Schodde and de Naurois 1982, Barre and Dutson 2000; considered doubtfully distinct in HANZAB).
G. p. assimilis Res NZ (NI, SI, Stewart I), Auckland Is.
G. p. macquariensis
Considered a full species by some authors.
Extinct. Res formerly Macquarie I.
G. rovianae Roviana Rail
Distinctive form on Kolombangara appears to be a separate, undescribed, subspecies (Taylor 1998).
Res Solomon Is (Kolombangara; New Georgia Is: New Georgia, Rendova, Kohinggo, Vonavona, Diamond 1991).
F: Solomon Is (Kolombangara: 3 at Kukundu Guest House, 2 airstrip morning and evening, Richards).
G. owstoni Guam Rail
Res Mariana Is (Guam, where extirpated ca 1986, but reint 50 inds Anderson Air Force Base 2003; int Rota).
F: seen 3 occasions Apr 2004 near Rota seabird colony, Klauber.)
G. wakensis Wake Rail
Extinct. Res formerly Wake I.
G. dieffenbachii Dieffenbach's Rail
That this taxon is a good species is established by Worthy and Holdaway (2002).
Extinct. Res formerly Chatham Is.
Cabalus modestus Chatham Rail
This species is often included in Gallirallus; recent studies indicate that it is a Gallirallus derivative (Trewick 1997). Features such as sexually dimorphic bill size are suggestive of differentiation at the generic level.
Extinct. Res formerly Chatham Is.
Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi Hawkins's Rail
Evidence that this species may have survived into historic times is given in Cooper and Tennyson (2004).
Extinct. Formerly res Chatham Is (Chatham, Pitt).
Rallus limicola Virginia Rail
R. l. subsp? Acc Clipperton I.
Lewinia muelleri Auckland Rail
Sometimes considered a subspecies of L. pectoralis Lewin's Rail (Taylor 1998). Sometimes placed in genus Dryolimnas.
Res Auckland Is (Adams I 1500 inds, Disappointment I "several hundred" inds).
Amaurornis moluccana Rufous-tailed Bush-Hen
Sometimes considered conspecific with A. olivacea (Taylor 1998; Mayr and Diamond 2001). That Amaurornis is feminine is discussed by David and Gosselin (2002a); phoenicurus, however, is invariable.
A. m. nigrifrons Solomon Is (res central islands except where ultima occurs, incl Bougainville, Choiseul, Malaita, Guadalcanal, New Georgia Is, Santa Isabel, Kratter et al 2001).
F: Solomon Is (Santa Isabel: rare Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001; Bougainville: heard Arawa area, Gregory; Kolombangara; Malaita: 2 (this subsp?) Hornbuckle).
A. m. ultima Res Solomon Is (Makira, Ugi Is, Santa Ana, Santa Catalina, Gower I off Ndai I, Mayr and Diamond 2001).
A. olivacea Plain Bush-Hen
A. o. subsp? Acc Palau (May Pulo Anna).
A. phoenicurus White-breasted Water-Hen
A. p. phoenicurus Acc Ogasawara Is (Jan Hahajima).
Porzana pusilla Baillon's (Marsh) Crake
P. p. pusilla Res Iwo Is (Kitaiwojima, Taylor 1998).
P. p. affinis Res NZ (NI, Little Barrier I, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is (vagrant? record 1997 first since 1872, Miskelly et al 2006). Acc New Caledonia (Grande Terre; old specimen confirmed as this subspecies, Barre and Dutson 2000).
P. p. palustris Cas Lord Howe I (this subsp 4 recs, McAllan et al 2004, but see under P. p. affinis for vagrancy to New Caledonia). Acc Feb Macquarie I (this subsp, HANZAB).
P. carolina Sora
Cas Galapagos Is (3 recs, all found dead, Swash and Still 2005: Marchena, Genovesa, San Salvador), Hawaiian Is (3 recs: Sep Hawaii, Feb and Nov Oahu, Pyle and Pyle 2009). Acc Clipperton I.
P. fusca Ruddy-breasted Crake
P. f. erythrothorax Vis May-Oct Iwo Is (Taylor 1998).
P. tabuensis Spotless Crake
P. t. tabuensis Res Caroline Is (Kosrae), Solomon Is (Guadalcanal, Makira, Rennell, Mayr and Diamond 2001, Dutson 2001; possible throughout? Doughty 1999), Santa Cruz Is, Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is), Fiji (Viti Levu, Taveuni, Ovalau, Onoilau, Gau, Kadavu), Samoa (Savaii, Tau), Tonga (incl Niuafoou, Rinke 1986), Niue (not seen since 1969, Powlesland et al 2000), Cook Is (Mangaia, Mitiaro, Atiu), Tuamotu Arch, Society Is (Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea), Marquesas Is, Tubuai Is (Tubuai, Rapa), Pitcairn Is (Oeno I, ?Ducie I).
F: Samoa (heard Vaivai Crater, rare, Bellingham and Davies 1988).
P. t. plumbea (may not be separable from tabuensis, Onley 1982). Res Kermadec Is (Meyer 40 inds, extirp Raoul, Veitch et al 2004), ?Norfolk I 2 recs since breeding rec 1908 (Christian 2005), NZ (NI,Three Kings Is, Poor Knights Is, Mayor I, SI, Stewart I), Chatham Is (may only be vagrant, Miskelly et al 2006).
P. monasa Kosrae Crake
Extinct. Res formerly Caroline Is (Kosrae, 2 specimens).
P. atra Henderson Crake
Res Pitcairn Is (Henderson I 6200 inds).
P. sandwichensis Hawaiian Rail
Extinct. Res formerly Hawaiian Is (Hawaii, ?Molokai, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
P. cinerea White-browed Crake
Some authors place in genus Poliolimnas. Subspecies are not well-defined (Taylor 1998).
P. c. brevipes Extinct; formery res Iwo Is (Minamiiwojima, Iwojima, Taylor 1998).
P. c. micronesiae Res Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Peleliu, Angaur), Caroline Is (Yap, Truk, Pohnpei), Mariana Is (Guam only, where now extirp). Acc Marshall Is (Bikini, Amerson 1969).
F: Caroline Is (Pohnpei: prob unc res low wetlands, Buden 2000); Palau (wet areas, Engbring 1988; ponds north and west of airport Peleliu, Klauber); Yap (pond between new road and WWII airport at Gilman village, Watson).
P. c. leucophrys Res Solomon Is (Buka, Bougainville, Guadalcanal, Makira, Three Sisters Is, Mayr and Diamond 2001, Dutson 2001).
P. c. tannensis Res Vanuatu, New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is), Fiji (Gau, Ovalau, Viti Levu), Samoa (Savaii, Upolu, ?Manua Is, ?Tutuila, Watling 2001).
F: Samoa (Savaii: uncommon, swamps, Reed 1980). Buka (common Jaba Delta etc, Hadden 1981). New Caledonia: very rare, in Loyalty Is only on Lifou? Barre and Dutson 2000).
P. palmeri Laysan Rail
Extinct. Res Hawaiian Is (Formerly Laysan I. Int Midway Is: Eastern, Sand, but now extirpated, Pyle and Pyle 2009.)
Neocrex erythrops Paint-billed Crake
N. e. erythrops Res Galapagos Is (Santa Cruz, Santa Maria, ?San Cristobal, ?Isabela; acc Tower I).
F: Galapagos Is (Santa Cruz: one seen near Santa Rosa, Chartier).
Pardirallus maculatus Spotted Rail
P. m. maculatus? Acc Juan Fernandez Is (Remsen and Parker 1990).
Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen
Recent studies (see Trewick 1997 and Taylor 1998) suggest that the taxa listed here comprise a separate species P. melanotus Australian Swamphen. Although there are significant mensural differences among the various populations (HANZAB; Filardi et al 1999), the taxa listed below (except for pelewensis) are sometimes combined as samoensis.
P. p. pelewensis Res Palau (Babeldaob, Koror, Peleliu, Angaur).
F: Babeldaob: swampy area on dirt road north, sw of airport, Klauber).
P. p. subsp? Res Solomon Is incl Santa Cruz Is and Duff Is (Dutson 2001); old report Ontong Java (Mayr 1945) prob vagrant as no longer present (Hadden 2004b).
F: Solomon Is (Rennell: 4 L Tenggano, Richards; Santa Isabel: common Garanga R, Kratter et al 2001; Buka and Bougainville: common, Hadden 2004a).
P. p. aneiteumensis Res Vanuatu incl Banks Is.
P. p. caledonicus Res New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is).
F: New Caledonia (PTRB, Quested, 3 near Tontouta airport, Gregory). Loyalty Is (common Ouvea, very rare Lifou and Mare, Barre and Dutson 2000).
P. p. samoensis Res Samoa.
F: Samoa (Savaii: scattered, Reed 1980).
P. p. vitiensis Res Fiji except Vanua Levu and Viti Levu, Rotuma, Tonga (incl Niuafoou, Rinke 1986), Niue.
P. p. melanotus Res Norfolk I 40-50 inds, Lord Howe I 50 inds (McAllan et al 2004), Kermadec Is (Raoul <50 prs, Veitch et al 2004), NZ pop 600,000 inds, HANZAB (NI, SI, Stewart I). Cas Campbell I.
F: Lord Howe I (11 seen golf course and Old Settlement Mar 2005, Gregory); Norfolk I (common Kingston Marshes, Duranti; small nos Kingston Common, Chapel Swamp, R. Clarke; 20+ Kingston Common, Hobcroft).
P. p. chathamensis (doubtfully separable from melanotus, HANZAB) Res Chatham Is (Chatham I, Pitt I).
P. p. (subsp.?) A report of two (now lost) specimens of Porphyrio sp. from Society Is (Raiatea), is the only report from that island group (Holyoak and Thibault 1984).
P. albus Lord Howe (White) Swamphen
Extinct. Formerly res Lord Howe I.
P. mantelli North Island Takahe
The case for specific status of this taxon and the next (and survival of the former into historic times) is outlined by Worthy and Holdaway (2002); the taxa are very different and appear to be derived from separate invasions of New Zealand by a proto-Porphyrio (Trewick 1996).
Extinct. Formerly res NZ (NI).
P. hochstetteri South Island Takahe
Res NZ (SI 171 inds, Forest and Bird Aug 2005). Int total 114 inds (Forest and Bird Aug 2005) Tiritiri Matangi I, Kapiti I, Mana I, Maud I.
P. martinica American Purple-Gallinule
Included in Porphyrio by recent authors (AOU 2002).
Cas Feb Galapagos Is. Acc Clipperton I, Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
Gallicrex cinerea Watercock
Vis mostly Sep-mid Jan Iwo Is (Taylor 1998). Acc Palau (?Pratt et al 1987).
Pareudiastes pacifica Samoan Moorhen
This species and the next are sometimes included in Gallinula, but skeletal characters suggest separation (Taylor 1998).
Extinct? Res Samoa (Savaii).
F: Samoa (Savaii: two possible sightings 1 km west of Mt Elietoga Aug 1984 while on traverse from end of Asau forestry road towards Mt Silisili in upland forest, Bellingham and Davis 1988; also On 5 October 2003, Dion Hobcroft was leading a Victor Emanuel Nature Tour group of seven participants on the Samoan island of Savaii. The group were making their way along a narrow forest trail on Mount Sili Sili, accessed via Aopo Village. Just below an altitude of 1,000 metres, a distinctive low deep gulping call, described as "ooh-ooh-ooh", was heard. Less than five feet from the group, two medium-sized all dark, blackish forest rails were flushed. Only Dion Hobcroft and one other member of the group briefly saw the birds as they ran quickly off, Birdlife International).
P. silvestris San Cristobal Moorhen
Extinct? Res Solomon Is (Makira).
Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen
G. c. indica Vis Ogasawara Is (Chichijima, Hahajima).
G. c. orientalis Res Palau c. 100 inds (Pratt and Etpison 2008) Angaur, Babelthuap, extirp Koror, Peleliu (Pratt and Etpison 2008); Caroline Is (Yap, Wiles et al 2000, Clements 2003).
F: Palau (Angaur: seen Dec, de Vries; freshwater ponds Angaur, Engbring 1988; Peleliu: 3 seen, S. Smith; 2 small pool n end, Talbot; 50+ inds Lake Ngardok, Pratt and Etpison 2008).
G. c. guami Res 180-445 inds Mariana Is (Guam 90, Saipan 154, Tinian 41, Rota 2, extirp Pagan, Takano and Haig 2004).
F: Mariana Is (Guam: Fena Res, Takano and Haig 2004; Saipan: appears to be increasing in 2002 due to wetland construction on new golf courses, R. David; 5 seen old water tank Div Fish and Wildlife, Gorapan, S. Smith).
G. c. sandvicensis Res Hawaiian Is 750 inds (Kauai, Oahu, reint Molokai failed; extirp Niihau, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii; one Midway Aug 1988 undetermined subsp; Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Hawaiian Is (Kauai: Hanalei NWR, Wailua Flats; Oahu: Kawainui Marsh, Campbell NWR, Waialua Lotus Ponds; Molokai: Kakahaia NWR, Pratt 1993).
G. c. cachinnans Res Galapagos Is, Clipperton I. Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003).
F: Galapagos Is (Isabela: 25 only at Puerto Villamil; San Cristobal: Lago Junco, Chartier).
G. tenebrosa Dusky Moorhen
G. t. tenebrosa Res (self-int) New Caledonia (Grande Terre). Acc Lord Howe I (2 recs Apr, McAllan et al 2004), NZ ( Aug-Oct, and Feb 2005 SI).
G. ventralis Black-tailed Native-Hen
Cas NZ (NI, SI).
Fulica atra Common Coot
F. a. atra Cas Nov-Mar Ogasawara Is, Iwo Is, Mariana Is Guam, Tinian, Reichel and Glass 1991).
F. a. australis Res 1655-1955 inds NZ (NI, SI). Cas Lord Howe I (4 recs, McAllan et al 2004). Acc May-Jul Norfolk I, May-Oct Macquarie I.
F. alai Hawaiian Coot
Res 2000-4000 inds (SE Is except Kahoolawe; cas NW Is where 13 records, all of those confirmed are this subsp, Pyle and Pyle 2009).
F: Hawaiian Is (same places as Common Moorhen; Maui: Kanaha Ponds, Kealia Ponds; Hawaii: Hilo Ponds, Mana Rd Pond, Aimakapa Pond, Pratt 1993).
F. americana American Coot
F. a. americana Res Clipperton I. Vis Galapagos Is (since 1999, Swash and Still 2005). Cas Revillagigedos Is (incl Clarion, Wanless et al 2009). Acc Cocos I (Montoya 2003). Several reports Oct-Apr Hawaiian Is, but ID unproven (Pyle, post to Hawaiibirding Sep 2006).
F. leucoptera White-winged Coot
Acc Juan Fernandez Is (Nov Mas Atierra, Honeyman, http://www.avesdechile.cl/avista2.htm).